University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2020 Aug;258:113008. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113008. Epub 2020 May 25.
Doctors are generally thought of as very intelligent and capable. This perception has upsides-doctors are afforded respect and esteem-but it may also have downsides, such as neglecting the mental and physical health of physicians. Two studies examine how Americans "typecast" doctors as Godlike "thinkers" who help others, rather than as vulnerable "feelers" who might themselves need help.
Study 1 examines how a representative sample of Americans (N = 681) view the mental capacities of doctors compared to other targets (including patients, other workers, and God). Result show that people see physicians as highly capable of the thinking-related capacities of thinking, remembering, self-control, and planning (equal to that of God), but less capable of the feeling-related capacities of experiencing fear, pain, embarrassment, and hunger. Study 2 (N = 451) examines whether physician typecasting impacts other domains. People believe that, relative to the average working professional, physicians are better able to ignore physical and mental health issues, and physician job performance is less impacted by bodily and emotional limitations.
We discuss implications for medical practice, especially the growing epidemic of physician burnout.
医生通常被认为是非常聪明和有能力的。这种看法有好处——医生受到尊重和敬仰——但也可能有坏处，比如忽视医生的身心健康。两项研究探讨了美国人如何将医生“定型”为帮助他人的神一般的“思考者”，而不是可能需要帮助的脆弱的“感受者”。
研究 1 考察了代表性的美国样本（N=681）如何看待医生的心智能力与其他目标（包括患者、其他工人和上帝）相比。结果表明，人们认为医生在思维、记忆、自我控制和计划等与思维相关的能力方面非常出色（与上帝相当），但在恐惧、疼痛、尴尬和饥饿等与情感相关的能力方面则稍逊一筹。研究 2（N=451）考察了医生的定型是否会影响其他领域。人们认为，与普通职业人士相比，医生更能够忽视身心健康问题，而且医生的工作表现受身体和情绪限制的影响较小。
我们讨论了这对医疗实践的影响，尤其是医生职业倦怠日益严重的问题。
