University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center Psychiatry (UCP) Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center Psychiatry (UCP) Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Research and Education, Friesland Mental Health Care Services, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Lentis, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Schizophr Res. 2020 Sep;223:79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.019. Epub 2020 May 27.
Around 6-7% of the general population report psychotic experiences (PEs). Positive PEs (e.g. hearing voices) may increase the risk of development of psychotic disorder. An important predictor of the transition to a psychotic disorder is secondary distress associated with PEs. We examined the moderating effect of potential protective factors on this secondary distress.
Data come from 2870 individuals of the HowNutsAreTheDutch study. PEs were assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) questionnaire and were divided into three subdomains ("Bizarre experiences", "Delusional ideations", and "Perceptual anomalies"). Protective factors explored were having a partner, having a pet, benevolent types of humor, optimism and the high levels of personality traits emotional stability (reversed neuroticism), extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. We examined whether these protective factors moderated (lowered) the association between frequency of PEs and PE-associated distress.
Due to low prevalence of perceptual anomalies in the sample, this domain was excluded from analysis. No moderating effects were observed of protective factors on the association between bizarre experiences and distress. Having a partner and high levels of optimism, self-enhancing humor, openness, extraversion and emotional stability moderated the association between delusional ideations and secondary distress, leading to lower levels of distress.
Several protective factors were found to moderate the association between frequency and secondary distress of delusional ideations, with high levels of the protective factors being associated with lower levels of distress. A focus on protective factors could be relevant for interventions and prevention strategies regarding psychotic phenomena.
大约有 6-7%的普通人群报告有精神病性体验（PE）。阳性 PE（如幻听）可能会增加发展为精神病的风险。PE 相关的次要痛苦是向精神病发展的一个重要预测因素。我们研究了潜在保护因素对这种次要痛苦的调节作用。
数据来自荷兰 HowNutsAreTheDutch 研究的 2870 名个体。使用社区心理体验评估问卷（CAPE）评估 PE，并将其分为三个亚领域（“奇特体验”、“妄想观念”和“知觉异常”）。探索的保护因素包括有伴侣、有宠物、善意的幽默、乐观以及高水平的人格特质情绪稳定性（反向神经质）、外向性、开放性、责任心和宜人性。我们研究了这些保护因素是否调节（降低）PE 频率与 PE 相关痛苦之间的关联。
由于样本中知觉异常的发生率较低，因此该领域未纳入分析。没有观察到保护因素对奇特体验与痛苦之间关联的调节作用。有伴侣和高水平的乐观、自我增强幽默、开放性、外向性和情绪稳定性调节了妄想观念与次要痛苦之间的关联，导致较低水平的痛苦。
发现了几种保护因素可以调节妄想观念的频率和次要痛苦之间的关联，保护因素水平较高与较低的痛苦水平相关。关注保护因素可能与精神病现象的干预和预防策略有关。
