Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2020;354:261-353. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.007. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (i.e., carbonate apatite, whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a relevant pathological process for the aging population and a life-threatening complication in acquired and in genetic diseases. Similarly to bone remodeling, VC is an actively regulated process in which many cells and molecules play a pivotal role. This review aims at: (i) describing the role of resident and circulating cells, of the extracellular environment and of positive and negative factors in driving the mineralization process; (ii) detailing the types of VC (i.e., intimal, medial and cardiac valve calcification); (iii) analyzing rare genetic diseases underlining the importance of altered pyrophosphate-dependent regulatory mechanisms; (iv) providing therapeutic options and perspectives.
血管钙化（VC）的特征是在血管和瓣膜中积累不同的矿物质沉积物（即碳酸盐磷灰石、白磷钙矿和羟磷灰石），这是老龄化人口的一个相关病理过程，也是获得性和遗传性疾病的危及生命的并发症。与骨重塑一样，VC 是一个受调控的过程，其中许多细胞和分子起着关键作用。本综述旨在：（i）描述驻留细胞和循环细胞、细胞外环境以及正、负因素在驱动矿化过程中的作用；（ii）详述 VC 的类型（即内膜、中膜和心脏瓣膜钙化）；（iii）分析强调改变焦磷酸盐依赖的调节机制重要性的罕见遗传性疾病；（iv）提供治疗选择和前景。
