Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2020;171:61-93. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
Gut bacteria are predominant microorganisms in the gut microbiota and have been recognized to mediate a variety of biotransformations of xenobiotic compounds in the gut. This review is focused on one of the gut bacterial xenobiotic metabolisms, reduction. Xenobiotics undergo different types of reductive metabolisms depending on chemically distinct groups: azo (-NN-), nitro (-NO), alkene (-CC-), ketone (-CO), N-oxide (-NO), and sulfoxide (-SO). In this review, we have provided select examples of drugs in six chemically distinct groups that are known or suspected to be subjected to the reduction by gut bacteria. For some drugs, responsible enzymes in specific gut bacteria have been identified and characterized, but for many drugs, only circumstantial evidence is available that indicates gut bacteria-mediated reductive metabolism. The physiological roles of even known gut bacterial enzymes have not been well defined.
肠道细菌是肠道微生物群中的主要微生物，已被证实可以介导肠道中外源化合物的多种生物转化。这篇综述主要集中于肠道细菌对外源物代谢的一种方式：还原。根据化学结构的不同，外源物会经历不同类型的还原代谢：偶氮（-NN-）、硝基（-NO）、烯烃（-CC-）、酮（-CO）、N-氧化物（-NO）和亚砜（-SO）。在这篇综述中，我们提供了六个化学结构不同的已知或疑似经肠道细菌还原的药物类别中的选择实例。对于某些药物，已鉴定和表征了特定肠道细菌中的相关酶，但对于许多药物，只有间接证据表明肠道细菌介导的还原代谢。甚至已知的肠道细菌酶的生理作用也尚未很好地定义。
