Molecular Genetics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi-110067, India.
Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-121001, India.
Microb Ecol. 2023 Jul;86(1):97-111. doi: 10.1007/s00248-022-02081-x. Epub 2022 Jul 23.
The efficacy of drugs widely varies in individuals, and the gut microbiota plays an important role in this variability. The commensal microbiota living in the human gut encodes several enzymes that chemically modify systemic and orally administered drugs, and such modifications can lead to activation, inactivation, toxification, altered stability, poor bioavailability, and rapid excretion. Our knowledge of the role of the human gut microbiome in therapeutic outcomes continues to evolve. Recent studies suggest the existence of complex interactions between microbial functions and therapeutic drugs across the human body. Therapeutic drugs or xenobiotics can influence the composition of the gut microbiome and the microbial encoded functions. Both these deviations can alter the chemical transformations of the drugs and hence treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of (i) the genetic ecology of microbially encoded functions linked with xenobiotic degradation; (ii) the effect of drugs on the composition and function of the gut microbiome; and (iii) the importance of the gut microbiota in drug metabolism.
药物在个体中的疗效差异很大，而肠道微生物群在这种变异性中起着重要作用。生活在人类肠道中的共生微生物群编码了几种能够对全身和口服药物进行化学修饰的酶，这些修饰会导致药物的激活、失活、毒化、稳定性改变、生物利用度差和快速排泄。我们对人类肠道微生物组在治疗结果中的作用的认识还在不断发展。最近的研究表明，微生物功能和治疗药物之间存在着复杂的相互作用，遍及人体全身。治疗药物或外源性化合物可以影响肠道微生物群的组成和微生物编码的功能。这两种偏差都可能改变药物的化学转化，从而影响治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们概述了（i）与外源性物质降解相关的微生物编码功能的遗传生态学；（ii）药物对肠道微生物群组成和功能的影响；以及（iii）肠道微生物群在药物代谢中的重要性。
