Wang Rong, Zhao Xue-Yan, Liu Jiang-Hua, Wang Xiao-Qi, Lan Hai-Xia, Xue Bing
College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Feb;31(2):554-562. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.016.
The key ecological function area plays an important role in providing ecosystem service. As the main players of economic activities in this area, the excessive dependence of local farmers on environmental resource will seriously influence ecological environment quality, and thus impair the ecosystem service. At present, it is urgent to explore the dependence of farmers' livelihoods on environmental resource and its influencing factors in key ecological function areas, which would provide reference for the formulation of environmental friendly regional development policies. We selected the Gannan Plateau as study area. Based on 581 survey data, we analyzed the dependence of farmers' livelihood on environmental resource, and used the ordinal multi-class Logistic regression model to identify its key impact factors. The results showed that local farmers were highly dependent on environmental resource in Gannan Plateau, which was mainly reflected in three aspects of food self-sufficiency, daily energy consumption and income source, with the dependence of 57.3%, 56.9% and 37.4%, respectively. There were significant differences in the dependence of different types of farmers' livelihoods on environmental resource, in that farmers with higher levels of education and higher non-agricultural levels had lower dependence and the farmers with high dependency ratio were more dependent on environmental resources. The factors including family dependency ratio, labor education level, proportion of migrant workers in labor force, family member leadership, ecological policy, and altitude had significant impact on farmers' environmental resource dependence. Among them, family dependency ratio and altitude had positive impact on it, while the proportion of migrant workers in labor force, labor education level, family member leadership, ecological policy had negative impact.
重点生态功能区在提供生态系统服务方面发挥着重要作用。作为该地区经济活动的主要参与者，当地农民对环境资源的过度依赖会严重影响生态环境质量，进而损害生态系统服务。目前，迫切需要探究重点生态功能区农民生计对环境资源的依赖及其影响因素，这将为制定环境友好型区域发展政策提供参考。我们选择甘南高原作为研究区域。基于581份调查数据，我们分析了农民生计对环境资源的依赖，并使用有序多分类Logistic回归模型识别其关键影响因素。结果表明，甘南高原当地农民对环境资源高度依赖，主要体现在食物自给、日常能源消耗和收入来源三个方面，依赖程度分别为57.3%、56.9%和37.4%。不同类型农民生计对环境资源的依赖存在显著差异，即教育水平较高和非农业水平较高的农民依赖程度较低，而依赖程度较高的农民对环境资源的依赖性更强。家庭抚养比、劳动力受教育程度、劳动力中外出务工人员比例、家庭成员领导力、生态政策和海拔等因素对农民的环境资源依赖有显著影响。其中，家庭抚养比和海拔对其有正向影响，而劳动力中外出务工人员比例、劳动力受教育程度、家庭成员领导力、生态政策有负向影响。
