Tuscia University, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Viterbo, Italy.
Tuscia University, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Viterbo, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 10;734:139464. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139464. Epub 2020 May 16.
Since the 1990s, the European Union has progressively and structurally reformed the Common Agricultural Policy with a gradual integration of environmental objectives. For the period post-2020, one of the most relevant changes could be the upgrading of the crops diversification, imposing it as an obligation to rotate crops by introducing legumes in the cropping patterns. This paper proposes an assessment of the possible effects of such obligation on the arable crops sector in Italy. The analysis uses a mathematical programming model calibrated and validated by way positive approach and is conducted on data of about 2800 Italian farms of the Farm Accountancy Data Network. Moreover, the analysis is structured by geographical area and altimetric level in order to consider typical specificities of Italian farms according to their localization. Our results show the legume-supported crop rotations reduce the general environmental pressure of agricultural activities and affect a large part of the arable land, against reduced economic impacts. In the majority of farms the lost income per hectare is lower than the national average value of the decoupled payments. Yet, the legume-supported crop rotations determine a reduction in the production of main crops and, especially in some areas, negative economic and social impacts. All this suggests that the legume-supported crop rotations are an opportunity to adopting sustainable agricultural practices and that Member States could implement the agronomic practice differently for areas and use additional instruments to meet the EU's objectives. Especially the decoupled and coupled payments are needed to limit economic losses and incentivize farmers towards virtuous behaviour.
自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，欧盟逐步从结构上对共同农业政策进行改革，逐步将环境目标纳入其中。对于 2020 年后的时期，最相关的变化之一可能是提升作物多样化，通过在种植模式中引入豆类来强制实行轮作。本文提出了对这种义务对意大利耕地作物部门可能产生的影响进行评估。该分析使用通过实证方法校准和验证的数学规划模型，并根据约 2800 个意大利 Farm Accountancy Data Network 农场的数据进行。此外，分析按地理区域和海拔水平进行结构划分，以便根据其地理位置考虑意大利农场的典型特定性。我们的结果表明，豆类支持的轮作减少了农业活动的总体环境压力，并影响了大部分耕地，同时经济影响较小。在大多数农场，每公顷的损失收入低于脱钩支付的全国平均水平。然而，豆类支持的轮作导致主要作物产量减少，特别是在一些地区，造成了负面的经济和社会影响。所有这些都表明，豆类支持的轮作是采用可持续农业实践的机会，成员国可以根据地区不同实施不同的农业实践，并使用其他工具来实现欧盟的目标。特别是需要脱钩和挂钩支付来限制经济损失，并激励农民采取良性行为。
