Comparative performance of spectral and thermographic properties of plants and physiological traits for phenotyping salinity tolerance of wheat cultivars under simulated field conditions.

Successful plant breeding in saline environments requires high-throughput phenotyping techniques to differentiate genotypes for salinity tolerance. This study employed advanced, non-destructive sensing technologies to identify traits contributing to salinity tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants were grown in large containers to simulate field conditions for control, salinity stress alone, and combined salinity and drought stress treatments. The comparative performance of spectral reflectance sensing, thermography, digital imaging, and the assessment of physiological traits of two wheat cultivars were tested at booting, anthesis and grain filling. Variation in grain yield between the two cultivars was significant for all treatments (controls, P<0.01; others, P<0.001), whereas there were no significant differences in straw DW regardless of treatment. Among the spectral and thermographic assessments, spectral indices were sufficiently sensitive to detect genotypic differences in salinity tolerance among the wheat cultivars after anthesis for the salinity alone and combined treatments. In contrast, physiological traits such as leaf water status and photosynthetic properties demonstrated no differences between the wheat cultivars for either the salinity alone or the combined treatments. These results suggest that spectral sensing has the potential for high-throughput screening of phenotypic traits associated with salinity tolerance of wheat cultivars.