Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
Irkutsk State University, 1 Karl Marx St., Irkutsk, 664003, Russia.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 1;10(1):8908. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65854-9.
It was previously shown that activation of the processes of neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (OE) can be caused after intranasal administration of toxic or neurotrophic factors, after axon transection, or as a result of bulbectomy. Our study showed for the first time that a significant increase in olfactory cell renewal can also occur in animals due to periodic chemostimulation with natural odorants (amino acids and peptides) for 15 days. Using electron and laser confocal microscopy in fish (Paracottus knerii (Cottidae), Dybowski, 1874) from Lake Baikal, we showed that periodic stimulation of aquatic organisms with a water-soluble mixture of amino acids and peptides causes stress in OE, which leads to programmed death cells and compensatory intensification of their renewal. We estimated the level of reactive oxygen species, number of functionally active mitochondria, intensity of apoptosis processes, and mitosis activity of cells in the OE of fish in the control group and after periodic natural odorants exposure. This study showed that new stem cells are activated during enhanced odor stimulation and subsequent degenerative changes in the cells of the sensory apparatus. Those new activated stem cells are located in previously proliferatively inactive regions of OE that become involved in compensatory processes for the formation of new cells.
先前的研究表明，嗅上皮（OE）中的神经发生过程可以通过鼻内给予毒性或神经营养因子、轴突横断或球囊切除术来激活。我们的研究首次表明，由于周期性的天然气味（氨基酸和肽）化学刺激，动物的嗅觉细胞更新也会显著增加，持续时间为 15 天。我们使用来自贝加尔湖的鱼类（Paracottus knerii（Cottidae），Dybowski，1874）的电子和激光共聚焦显微镜进行研究，表明周期性地用氨基酸和肽的水溶性混合物刺激水生生物会导致 OE 产生应激，从而导致细胞程序性死亡，并增强其更新的代偿性。我们评估了鱼类 OE 中活性氧水平、功能活跃的线粒体数量、细胞凋亡过程的强度和细胞有丝分裂活性，分别在对照组和周期性暴露于天然气味后进行。本研究表明，在增强的气味刺激和随后的感觉器官细胞退行性变化期间，新的干细胞被激活。那些新激活的干细胞位于 OE 中以前增殖不活跃的区域，这些区域参与了新细胞形成的代偿过程。
