Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2020 Jul 6;49(13):4466-4495. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00035c.
The increasingly intimate contact between electronics and the human body necessitates the development of stretchable energy storage devices that can conform and adapt to the skin. As such, the development of stretchable batteries and supercapacitors has received significant attention in recent years. This review provides an overview of the general operating principles of batteries and supercapacitors and the requirements to make these devices stretchable. The following sections provide an in-depth analysis of different strategies to convert the conventionally rigid electrochemical energy storage materials into stretchable form factors. Namely, the strategies of strain engineering, rigid island geometry, fiber-like geometry, and intrinsic stretchability are discussed. A wide range of materials are covered for each strategy, including polymers, metals, and ceramics. By comparing the achieved electrochemical performance and strain capability of these different materials strategies, we allow for a side-by-side comparison of the most promising strategies for enabling stretchable electrochemical energy storage. The final section consists of an outlook for future developments and challenges for stretchable supercapacitors and batteries.
电子设备与人体之间日益密切的接触，需要开发可拉伸的储能设备，使其能够贴合和适应皮肤。因此，近年来，可拉伸电池和超级电容器的发展受到了广泛关注。本综述概述了电池和超级电容器的一般工作原理，以及使这些设备可拉伸的要求。以下各节深入分析了将传统刚性电化学储能材料转化为可拉伸形态的不同策略。具体而言，讨论了应变工程、刚性岛几何形状、纤维状几何形状和固有可拉伸性等策略。每种策略都涵盖了广泛的材料，包括聚合物、金属和陶瓷。通过比较这些不同材料策略的电化学性能和应变能力，我们可以对最有前途的可拉伸电化学储能策略进行并排比较。最后一部分是对可拉伸超级电容器和电池未来发展和挑战的展望。
