Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
Pain Manag. 2020 Jul;10(4):253-260. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0004. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
Evidence indicates that over half of all people with HIV (PWH) will experience nonmalignant chronic pain throughout their lifetimes, with increasing prevalence as they age. Peripheral neuropathy resulting from the neurotoxic effects of HIV itself and the medications used to treat HIV were widely considered the primary cause of acute and chronic pain early on in the antiretroviral treatment era. However, recent studies suggest a predominance of non-neuropathic (e.g., musculoskeletal) pain in PWH with uncertain etiology. Chronic pain is often widespread in PWH, affecting multiple body locations. Additional research is needed to better understand contributors to chronic pain in PWH, which is likely to include biological (e.g., immune dysregulation), psychological (e.g., substance abuse) and social (e.g., stigma) factors.
证据表明，超过一半的艾滋病毒感染者（PWH）在其一生中都会经历非恶性慢性疼痛，且随着年龄的增长，其发病率会逐渐升高。外周神经病变是由 HIV 本身的神经毒性作用以及用于治疗 HIV 的药物引起的，这在抗逆转录病毒治疗时代早期被广泛认为是导致急性和慢性疼痛的主要原因。然而，最近的研究表明，在抗逆转录病毒治疗时代，非神经病变（例如，肌肉骨骼）疼痛在 PWH 中更为普遍，但其病因尚不确定。慢性疼痛在 PWH 中常常广泛存在，影响多个身体部位。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解 PWH 慢性疼痛的病因，这可能包括生物学（例如免疫失调）、心理（例如物质滥用）和社会（例如耻辱感）因素。
