Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals (NRCMA), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
J Clin Invest. 2020 Jul 1;130(7):3353-3360. doi: 10.1172/JCI136223.
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic yeast that is present worldwide and interacts with various organisms. In humans, it is responsible for cryptococcosis, a deadly invasive fungal infection that represents around 220,000 cases per year worldwide. Starting from the natural history of the disease in humans, there is accumulating evidence on the capacity of this organism to enter dormancy. In response to the harsh host environment, the yeast is able to adapt dramatically and escape the vigilance of the host's immune cells to survive. Indeed, the yeast exposed to the host takes on pleiotropic phenotypes, enabling the generation of populations in heterogeneous states, including dormancy, to eventually survive at low metabolic cost and revive in favorable conditions. The concept of dormancy has been validated in C. neoformans from both epidemiological and genotyping data, and more recently from the biological point of view with the characterization of dormancy through the description of viable but nonculturable cells.
新生隐球菌是一种机会性酵母，广泛存在于世界各地，并与各种生物体相互作用。在人类中，它是导致 cryptococcosis 的罪魁祸首，这是一种致命的侵袭性真菌感染，全球每年约有 22 万例。从人类疾病的自然史开始，就有越来越多的证据表明该生物体有进入休眠的能力。为了应对恶劣的宿主环境，酵母能够剧烈地适应并逃避宿主免疫细胞的监视而存活下来。事实上，暴露于宿主的酵母呈现出多种表型，从而能够产生处于异质状态的群体，包括休眠状态，以最终以低代谢成本存活并在有利条件下复苏。休眠的概念已经从流行病学和基因分型数据，以及最近从生物学角度得到了验证，通过描述活但不可培养的细胞来描述休眠状态。
