Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 2;10(1):8984. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65740-4.
The mammalian gut microbiome can potentially impact host health and disease state. It is known that the mouse-genome, eating-behavior, and exercise-status promotes higher taxonomic rank-level alterations (e.g. family to phyla-level) of the gut microbiota. Here, host genotype or activity status was investigated to determine if selection of individual bacterial species or strains could be discerned within the murine digestive system. For this study, the fecal bacterial community of adenylyl cyclase 5 knock-out (AC5KO, n = 7) mice or their wild-type (WT, n = 10) littermates under exercise or sedentary conditions were profiled by sequencing rRNA operons. AC5KO mice were chosen since this genotype displays enhanced longevity/exercise capacity and protects against cardiovascular/metabolic disease. Profiling of rRNA operons using the Oxford MinION yielded 65,706 2-D sequences (after size selection of 3.7-5.7 kb) which were screened against an NCBI 16S rRNA gene database. These sequences were binned into 1,566 different best BLAST hits (BBHs) and counted for each mouse sample. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of the gut microbial community demonstrated clustering by physical activity (p = 0.001) but not by host genotype. Additionally, sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that different bacterial species (closely related to Muribaculum intestinale and Parasutterella excrementihominis) inhabit AC5KO or WT mice depending on activity status. Other bacterial species of the gut microbiota did not follow such patterning (e.g. Turicibacter sanguinis and Turicimonas muris). Our results support the need of improved taxonomic resolution for better characterization of bacterial communities to deepen our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome on host health.
哺乳动物的肠道微生物群可能会影响宿主的健康和疾病状态。已知小鼠基因组、饮食行为和运动状态会促进肠道微生物群更高的分类等级改变（例如从科到门水平）。在这里，研究了宿主基因型或活动状态，以确定是否可以在鼠类消化系统中辨别出单个细菌物种或菌株的选择。在这项研究中，通过测序 rRNA 操纵子，对腺苷酸环化酶 5 敲除（AC5KO，n=7）小鼠或其野生型（WT，n=10）同窝仔鼠在运动或静止状态下的粪便细菌群落进行了分析。选择 AC5KO 小鼠是因为这种基因型显示出增强的长寿/运动能力，并能预防心血管/代谢疾病。使用牛津 MinION 对 rRNA 操纵子进行的分析产生了 65,706 个 2-D 序列（在大小选择为 3.7-5.7kb 后），这些序列与 NCBI 16S rRNA 基因数据库进行了筛选。这些序列被分类为 1,566 个不同的最佳 BLAST 命中（BBH），并对每个小鼠样本进行计数。肠道微生物群落的非度量多维尺度（NMDS）分析表明，聚类是由身体活动（p=0.001）决定的，而不是由宿主基因型决定的。此外，序列相似性和系统发育分析表明，不同的细菌物种（与 Muribaculum intestinale 和 Parasutterella excrementihominis 密切相关）根据活动状态栖息在 AC5KO 或 WT 小鼠中。肠道微生物群的其他细菌物种则没有遵循这种模式（例如 Turicibacter sanguinis 和 Turicimonas muris）。我们的结果支持需要提高分类分辨率，以更好地描述细菌群落，从而加深我们对肠道微生物群对宿主健康的作用的理解。
