School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
Dev Psychopathol. 2021 Aug;33(3):856-867. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420000188.
Adolescent dieting and disordered eating (DE) are risks for clinical eating disorders. In this five-wave longitudinal study, we tested gender-specific models linking early risk factors to temporal patterns of DE, considering appearance anxiety as a mediator. Participants were 384 Australian students (age 10 to 13; 45% boys) who reported their purging and skipping meals, experience with appearance-related teasing, media pressure, and appearance anxiety. Parents reported pubertal maturation and height/weight was measured. Gender differences in temporal patterns of DE were found and predictive models were tested using latent-variable growth curve and path models. Boys' DE was generally stable over time; girls showed stability in purging but an average increase in skipping meals. Peer teasing, media pressure, and pubertal maturation were associated with more elevated initial DE in girls, and pubertal maturation was associated with a steeper increase in DE. For boys, body mass index had a direct positive association with DE. Appearance anxiety was associated with more DE, but there was only one significant indirect effect via anxiety, which was for boys' pubertal maturation. Findings support the dominant role of social interactions and messages, as well as pubertal maturation, for girls' DE and the prominence of physical risk factors for explaining boys' DE.
青少年节食和饮食失调（DE）是临床饮食失调的风险因素。在这项五波纵向研究中，我们测试了性别特定的模型，将早期风险因素与 DE 的时间模式联系起来，同时考虑到外表焦虑作为中介因素。参与者是 384 名澳大利亚学生（年龄 10 至 13 岁；45%为男孩），他们报告了催吐和不吃饭、与外表相关的嘲笑经历、媒体压力和外表焦虑。父母报告了青春期成熟度，并且测量了身高/体重。发现了 DE 的时间模式存在性别差异，并使用潜在变量增长曲线和路径模型测试了预测模型。男孩的 DE 总体上随时间保持稳定；而女孩在催吐方面保持稳定，但平均来说不吃饭的情况有所增加。同伴嘲笑、媒体压力和青春期成熟度与女孩初始 DE 水平升高有关，而青春期成熟度与 DE 水平升高有关。对于男孩，体重指数与 DE 呈直接正相关。外表焦虑与更多的 DE 有关，但只有一个通过焦虑的间接影响是针对男孩的青春期成熟度。研究结果支持了社会互动和信息，以及青春期成熟度对女孩 DE 的主导作用，以及身体风险因素对解释男孩 DE 的突出作用。
