Janković B D, Isaković K, Marković B M, RAjcević M
Immunology. 1977 May;32(5):689-99.
White Rock embryos surgically "bursectomized" at 52--64 h of incubation, and shambursectomized embryos were injected with 10(6) guinea-pig red blood cells on day 12 of incubation, and tested for plaque-forming cells and serum haemagglutinins 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 19 days after immunization, i.e. as 15- to 19-day-old embryos and 1- to 10-day-old chickens. The number of natural plaque-forming cells detected by direct or indirect techniques was small in nonimmunized shambursectomized and bursectomized embryos, but increased in very young chickens. The injection of guinea-pig red blood cells induced a significant increase in the number of direct and indirect plaque-forming cells in the spleen of bursectomized and sham-bursectomized embryos and chickens. Agglutination of papain-treated guinea-pig red blood cells and indirect anti-chicken globulin (Coombs) test revealed the presence of natural agglutinins for guinea-pig and for sheep erythrocytes in non-immunized sham-and bursectomized embryos. A small number of sera from nonimmunized bursectomized and sham-bursectomized embryos contained IgM. The immunization with guinea-pig red blood cells increased the antibody production in both bursectomized and sham-bursectomized embryos and chickens. Sham-bursectomized embryos responded better to antigenic stimulation than bursectomized embryos. The injection of guinea-pig red blood produced an enlargement of the spleen only in bursectomized embryos and chickens. The first plasma cells appeared in nonimmunized sham-and bursectomized 6-day-old chickens. The number of plasma cells increased in chickens immunized as embryos. Cytomorphological analysis of the thymus, bone marrow and liver did not reveal apparent differences between bursectomized, sham-bursectomized embryos and very young chickens. It has been postulated that the chicken embryo has an antibody-producing system composed of the bursal and the nonbursal (or accessory "bursal") microenvironment, the latter being bursa-independent. The final microenvironmental network for the formation of Bu lymphocytes is the result of coordinated activities of a variety of intrinsic cellular and humoral factors.
在孵化52至64小时时通过手术“切除法氏囊”的白石鸡胚胎，以及假切除法氏囊的胚胎，在孵化第12天注射10⁶只豚鼠红细胞，并在免疫后3、5、7、10、15和19天检测其形成斑块细胞和血清血凝素，即作为15至19日龄的胚胎和1至10日龄的鸡。通过直接或间接技术检测到的未免疫的假切除法氏囊和切除法氏囊的胚胎中的天然形成斑块细胞数量很少，但在非常年幼的鸡中有所增加。注射豚鼠红细胞导致切除法氏囊和假切除法氏囊的胚胎及鸡脾脏中直接和间接形成斑块细胞的数量显著增加。木瓜蛋白酶处理的豚鼠红细胞的凝集和间接抗鸡球蛋白（库姆斯）试验表明，未免疫的假切除法氏囊和切除法氏囊的胚胎中存在针对豚鼠和绵羊红细胞的天然凝集素。少量来自未免疫的切除法氏囊和假切除法氏囊胚胎的血清含有IgM。用豚鼠红细胞免疫增加了切除法氏囊和假切除法氏囊的胚胎及鸡的抗体产生。假切除法氏囊的胚胎对抗抗原刺激的反应比切除法氏囊的胚胎更好。注射豚鼠红细胞仅使切除法氏囊的胚胎和鸡的脾脏肿大。第一批浆细胞出现在未免疫的假切除法氏囊和切除法氏囊的6日龄鸡中。在胚胎期免疫的鸡中浆细胞数量增加。对胸腺、骨髓和肝脏的细胞形态学分析未发现切除法氏囊、假切除法氏囊的胚胎与非常年幼的鸡之间有明显差异。据推测，鸡胚胎具有一个由法氏囊和非法氏囊（或辅助“法氏囊”）微环境组成的抗体产生系统，后者与法氏囊无关。形成B淋巴细胞的最终微环境网络是多种内在细胞和体液因子协同活动的结果。
