Ihegboro Godwin O, Alhassan Adamu J, Ononamadu Chimaobi J, Owolarafe Tajudeen A, Sule Mohammed S
Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Sciences, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, P.M.B 3474 Kano-Maiduguri Road, Kano, Nigeria.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Toxicol Rep. 2020 May 29;7:671-679. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.05.001. eCollection 2020.
Medicinal plants are considered two-edged swords. They are pharmacologically beneficial and sometimes toxic when abused. The health benefit of medicinal plant is due to their abundant phytochemical endowment. The present study is aimed at evaluating the biosafety potentials of methanol extracts/fractions of () and () leaves using () model Cytotoxicity assay was carried out by model. The cytotoxicity parameters studied were number of dividing cells, percentage mitotic index (% MI), root tip growth length and chromosomal aberrations. The phytochemistry was determined by UV-spectrophotometry while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) were used to assay antioxidant activity. The assay result showed that the inhibitory effect of on root tip growth length was higher compared to at 60-100mg/100ml concentrations. Decreased number of dividing cells and percentage mitotic index as concentrations increased observed indicate cytotoxicity however the acetone fractions were most cytotoxic. The frequently occurring chromosomal aberrations observed were vagrant, bridged, attached and sticky chromosomes while C-mitosis and binuclear chromosomes were not observed. Therefore cytotoxic effect was significant at 100mg/100ml. The phytochemical screening of methanol extracts/fractions of and leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins however saponins were significantly abundant in both plants compared to others. Alkaloid content was found to be low but was not detected in the acetone fractions of the plants. Methanol extracts/fractions of the plants' leaves exhibited antioxidant activities but was more prominent in the ethylacetate fraction of and acetone fraction of . In conclusion, administration at 100mg/100ml could be unsafe for the biological system.
药用植物被认为是双刃剑。它们在药理上有益，但滥用时有时有毒。药用植物的健康益处归因于其丰富的植物化学成分。本研究旨在使用（）模型评估（）和（）叶甲醇提取物/馏分的生物安全潜力。通过（）模型进行细胞毒性测定。所研究的细胞毒性参数为分裂细胞数、有丝分裂指数百分比（%MI）、根尖生长长度和染色体畸变。通过紫外分光光度法测定植物化学物质，同时使用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）和一氧化氮（NO）测定抗氧化活性。细胞毒性测定结果表明，在60-100mg/100ml浓度下，（）对根尖生长长度的抑制作用高于（）。随着浓度增加，观察到分裂细胞数和有丝分裂指数百分比降低，表明存在细胞毒性，然而丙酮馏分的细胞毒性最大。观察到的常见染色体畸变有流浪染色体、桥接染色体、附着染色体和粘性染色体，未观察到C-有丝分裂和双核染色体。因此，在100mg/100ml时细胞毒性作用显著。对（）和（）叶甲醇提取物/馏分的植物化学筛选显示存在生物碱、黄酮类化合物、酚类、皂苷和单宁，但与其他成分相比，两种植物中的皂苷含量均显著丰富。发现生物碱含量较低，但在植物的丙酮馏分中未检测到。植物叶的甲醇提取物/馏分表现出抗氧化活性，但在（）的乙酸乙酯馏分和（）的丙酮馏分中更为突出。总之，以100mg/100ml给药对生物系统可能不安全。
