Department of Telemedicine, University Clinic Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Jun 3;8(6):e16648. doi: 10.2196/16648.
Medication is the most common intervention in health care, and the number of online consumer information systems within the pharmaceutical sector is increasing. However, online consumer information systems can be a barrier for users, imposing information asymmetries between stakeholders.
The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the usability of an online consumer medication information system (OCMIS) against a reference implementation based on an interoperable information model for patients, physicians, and pharmacists.
Quantitative and qualitative data were acquired from patients, physicians, and pharmacists in this online usability study. We administered 3 use cases and a post hoc questionnaire per user. Quantitative usability data including effectiveness (task success), efficiency (task time), and user satisfaction (system usability scale [SUS]) was complemented by qualitative and demographic data. Users evaluated 6 existing systems and 1 reference implementation of an OCMIS.
A total of 137 patients, 81 physicians, and 68 pharmacists participated in this study. Task success varied from 84% to 92% in patients, 66% to 100% in physicians, and 50% to 91% in pharmacists. Task completion time decreased over the course of the study for all but 2 OCMIS within the patient group. Due to an assumed nonnormal distribution of SUS scores, within-group comparison was done using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Patients showed differences in SUS scores (P=.02) and task time (P=.03), while physicians did not have significant differences in SUS scores (P=.83) and task time (P=.72). For pharmacists, a significant difference in SUS scores (P<.001) and task time (P=.007) was detected.
The vendor-neutral reference implementation based on an interoperable information model was proven to be a promising approach that was not inferior to existing solutions for patients and physicians. For pharmacists, it exceeded user satisfaction scores compared to other OCMIS. This data-driven approach based on an interoperable information model enables the development of more user-tailored features to increase usability. This fosters data democratization and empowers stakeholders within the pharmaceutical sector.
药物是医疗保健中最常见的干预措施，制药领域的在线消费者信息系统数量正在增加。然而，在线消费者信息系统可能会成为用户的障碍，在利益相关者之间造成信息不对称。
本研究旨在定量比较在线消费者药物信息系统（OCMIS）与基于患者、医生和药剂师互操作信息模型的参考实现的可用性。
在这项在线可用性研究中，从患者、医生和药剂师那里获取了定量和定性数据。我们为每个用户管理了 3 个用例和一个事后调查问卷。定量可用性数据包括有效性（任务成功率）、效率（任务时间）和用户满意度（系统可用性量表[SUS]），并辅以定性和人口统计数据。用户评估了 6 个现有系统和 1 个 OCMIS 的参考实现。
共有 137 名患者、81 名医生和 68 名药剂师参与了这项研究。患者的任务成功率从 84%到 92%不等，医生的成功率从 66%到 100%不等，药剂师的成功率从 50%到 91%不等。除了患者组中的 2 个 OCMIS 外，所有 OCMIS 的任务完成时间都随着研究的进行而减少。由于 SUS 分数的分布假设为非正态分布，因此使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验进行了组内比较。患者的 SUS 分数（P=.02）和任务时间（P=.03）存在差异，而医生的 SUS 分数（P=.83）和任务时间（P=.72）则没有显著差异。对于药剂师，检测到 SUS 分数（P<.001）和任务时间（P=.007）的显著差异。
基于互操作信息模型的无供应商专用参考实现被证明是一种有前途的方法，它在患者和医生方面并不逊于现有解决方案。对于药剂师来说，与其他 OCMIS 相比，它的用户满意度得分更高。这种基于互操作信息模型的数据驱动方法可以开发更适合用户的功能，从而提高可用性。这促进了数据民主化，并赋予了制药领域内的利益相关者权力。
