Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Aug 1;105(8):e2941-59. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa345.
We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin sensitivity and other important metabolic adaptations in adults with obesity.
Thirty-one inactive adults with obesity (age: 31 ± 6 years; body mass index: 33 ± 3 kg/m2) completed 12 weeks (4 sessions/week) of either HIIT (10 × 1-minute at 90%HRmax, 1-minute active recovery; n = 16) or MICT (45 minutes at 70%HRmax; n = 15). To assess the direct effects of exercise independent of weight/fat loss, participants were required to maintain body mass.
Training increased peak oxygen uptake by ~10% in both HIIT and MICT (P < 0.0001), and body weight/fat mass were unchanged. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) was ~20% greater the day after the final exercise session compared to pretraining (P < 0.01), with no difference between HIIT and MICT. When trained participants abstained from exercise for 4 days, insulin sensitivity returned to pretraining levels in both groups. HIIT and MICT also induced similar increases in abundance of many skeletal muscle proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Training-induced alterations in muscle lipid profile were also similar between groups.
Despite large differences in training intensity and exercise time, 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT induce similar acute improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity the day after exercise, and similar longer term metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle in adults with obesity. These findings support the notion that the insulin-sensitizing effects of both HIIT and MICT are mediated by factors stemming from the most recent exercise session(s) rather than adaptations that accrue with training.
我们比较了高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和中等强度持续训练（MICT）对肥胖成年人胰岛素敏感性和其他重要代谢适应性的影响。
31 名不活跃的肥胖成年人（年龄：31±6 岁；体重指数：33±3kg/m2）完成了 12 周（每周 4 次）的 HIIT（10×1 分钟 90%HRmax，1 分钟主动恢复；n=16）或 MICT（70%HRmax 45 分钟；n=15）。为了评估运动对胰岛素敏感性的直接影响，而与体重/体脂减少无关，要求参与者保持体重不变。
HIIT 和 MICT 均使峰值摄氧量增加了约 10%（P<0.0001），体重/体脂量保持不变。在最后一次运动后的第二天，外周胰岛素敏感性（高胰岛素正葡萄糖钳夹）比训练前增加了约 20%（P<0.01），HIIT 和 MICT 之间没有差异。当训练有素的参与者停止运动 4 天时，两组的胰岛素敏感性均恢复到训练前水平。HIIT 和 MICT 还引起了许多与线粒体呼吸和脂质及碳水化合物代谢相关的骨骼肌蛋白丰度的相似增加。两组之间肌肉脂质谱的训练诱导变化也相似。
尽管训练强度和运动时间存在很大差异，但 12 周的 HIIT 和 MICT 在运动后第二天均能引起外周胰岛素敏感性的急性改善，在肥胖成年人的骨骼肌中引起类似的长期代谢适应性。这些发现支持这样一种观点，即 HIIT 和 MICT 的胰岛素敏感性作用是由最近的运动（或运动）所产生的因素介导的，而不是由训练积累而来的适应。
