Colella Marco, Cuomo Danila, Giacco Antonia, Mallardo Massimo, De Felice Mario, Ambrosino Concetta
Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via De Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
IRGS, Biogem-Scarl, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 1;9(6):1679. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061679.
Thyroid hormones (THs) exert pleiotropic effects in different mammalian organs, including gonads. Genetic and non-genetic factors, such as ageing and environmental stressors (e.g., low-iodine intake, exposure to endocrine disruptors, etc.), can alter T/T synthesis by the thyroid. In any case, peripheral T controlled by tissue-specific enzymes (deiodinases), receptors and transporters, ensures organ homeostasis. Conflicting reports suggest that both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, assessed by mean of circulating T, T and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), could affect the functionality of the ovarian reserve determining infertility. The relationship between ovarian T level and functional ovarian reserve (FOR) is poorly understood despite that the modifications of local T metabolism and signalling have been associated with dysfunctions of several organs. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge on the role of TH signalling and its crosstalk with other pathways in controlling the physiological and premature ovarian ageing and, finally, in preserving FOR. We will consider separately the reports describing the effects of circulating and local THs on the ovarian health to elucidate their role in ovarian dysfunctions.
甲状腺激素（THs）在包括性腺在内的不同哺乳动物器官中发挥多效性作用。遗传和非遗传因素，如衰老和环境应激源（如低碘摄入、接触内分泌干扰物等），可改变甲状腺的TH合成。无论如何，由组织特异性酶（脱碘酶）、受体和转运蛋白控制的外周甲状腺激素可确保器官内环境稳定。相互矛盾的报告表明，通过循环甲状腺激素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）评估的甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺功能亢进都可能影响卵巢储备功能，导致不孕。尽管局部甲状腺激素代谢和信号传导的改变与多个器官的功能障碍有关，但卵巢甲状腺激素水平与功能性卵巢储备（FOR）之间的关系仍知之甚少。在这里，我们将总结目前关于甲状腺激素信号传导的作用及其与其他途径的相互作用在控制生理性和过早卵巢衰老以及最终维持FOR方面的知识。我们将分别考虑描述循环和局部甲状腺激素对卵巢健康影响的报告，以阐明它们在卵巢功能障碍中的作用。
