Advances in Hemodynamic Monitoring in Heart Failure Patients.

Abnormal hemodynamics are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. Given the invasiveness and unfeasibility of routine right heart catheterization, non-invasive methodologies to monitor hemodynamics are needed. The CardioMEMS™ device is a recently developed technology that enables remote monitoring of pulmonary artery pressures via an implanted sensor located in the distal left pulmonary artery. Along with the CardioMEMS™, a remote dielectric system might be another promising device that reports indirect intra-thoracic filling pressures associated with pulmonary congestion. In patients with advanced heart failure who require left ventricular assist devices, non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring is particularly necessary, given the increased procedural risks of invasive assessments. The HeartWare ventricular assist device flow waveform is a variable under active investigation that might also provide an estimation of filling pressures. This methodology is expected to lead to the development of a smart pump that can adjust its own settings, including the pump speed, automatically by monitoring the hemodynamics.