Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
International Table Tennis Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Sports Med. 2020 Sep;50(9):1593-1611. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01299-4.
Talent identification and development (TID) programs aim to identify players with the greatest potential for long-term success. Previous research suggests that the assessment of sport-specific technical skills is valuable for discriminating between more and less skilled individuals and/or for predicting future performance.
This review aims to provide an overview on both the instruments used to assess sport-specific technical skills and their discriminatory, explanatory and/or predictive findings in the context of TID.
Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SPORTDiscus, SURF and Scopus (January 1990-October 2019). Search terms covered the areas of sport, technical skills assessment, performance, skill level and youth. In the end, 59 relevant studies were identified and evaluated.
The results highlight the widespread and important role of technical skills in TID; almost all studies (93%) reported discriminatory, explanatory and/or predictive benefits for the assessment of sport-specific technical skills. Analyzing and categorizing the number of assessment methods applied in the studies (n = 69) according to their method type ('technique-related' or 'outcome-related' variables) and method set-up ('experimental' or 'competition' data acquisition environment) indicated a clear tendency towards 'outcome-related' (73%) and 'experimental' (75%) assessment methods. We also found a strong overrepresentation of studies assessing cross-sectional data (75%) in soccer (53%) in male samples (74% of studies reporting subjects' sex) from European countries (64%).
On the one hand, our findings demonstrate the great capability of sport-specific technical skills assessments to discriminate different performance levels and predict future performance in TID activities. On the other hand, this review highlights the focus on 'outcome-related' and 'experimental' methods in specific populations and, consequently, the limited knowledge in other areas. Here, the application of 'technique-related' and 'competition' methods appears promising for adding new knowledge, especially in the light of technological advances.
人才识别和发展（TID）计划旨在识别具有长期成功最大潜力的球员。先前的研究表明，评估特定运动的技术技能对于区分技能较高和较低的个体以及/或预测未来表现具有重要价值。
本综述旨在概述用于评估特定运动技术技能的工具，以及在 TID 背景下它们在区分、解释和/或预测方面的发现。
在 PubMed、Web of Knowledge、SPORTDiscus、SURF 和 Scopus 中进行了电子搜索（1990 年 1 月至 2019 年 10 月）。搜索词涵盖了运动、技术技能评估、表现、技能水平和青年等领域。最终，确定并评估了 59 项相关研究。
结果突出了技术技能在 TID 中的广泛而重要的作用；几乎所有研究（93%）都报告了特定运动技术技能评估的区分、解释和/或预测益处。根据其方法类型（“与技术相关”或“与结果相关”变量）和方法设置（“实验”或“竞赛”数据采集环境）分析和分类研究中应用的评估方法数量（n=69）表明，“与结果相关”（73%）和“实验”（75%）评估方法的应用呈明显趋势。我们还发现，评估横断面数据（75%）的研究在足球（53%）中占很大比例，这些研究的对象来自欧洲国家（64%）的男性样本（74%的研究报告了研究对象的性别）。
一方面，我们的研究结果表明，特定运动技术技能评估在 TID 活动中区分不同的表现水平和预测未来表现的能力很强。另一方面，本综述强调了在特定人群中对“与结果相关”和“实验”方法的关注，因此在其他领域的知识有限。在这里，“与技术相关”和“竞赛”方法的应用似乎有希望增加新知识，特别是考虑到技术进步。
