Abade Eduardo, Figueira Bruno, Coutinho Diogo, Folgado Hugo, Moreira Catarina, Gonçalves Bruno
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 3;20(1):e0313656. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313656. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of different offensive-reward-related rules on the physical performance, perceived exertion and enjoyment of young basketball players during small-sided games (SSG). Eighteen youth male players (age: 13.3±0.9y; height: 167.0±13.1cm; weight: 50.6±11.5kg; years of practice: 3.1±1.2y) participated in three distinct 3x3 SSG (14x15m pitch) experimental conditions: i) 3x3NORMAL, regular 3x3 game; ii) 3x3POINT-POSS, where the team in possession was rewarded a new ball possession after scoring; iii) 3x3PASSES, where the score was determined by the number of passes made before converting a basket. Players' performance was measured using global positioning systems, rating of perceived exertion and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Players covered more distance for total (p< .001), low (p< .01) and moderate-speed distance (p< .05), and presented a higher game pace (p< .001) during the 3x3POINT-POSS than in the other conditions. A higher number of accelerations (1-1.99 m·s-2, p < .01) and decelerations (>2 m·s-2, p < .01) were also reported in the 3x3POINT-POSS. Despite the higher external load in the 3x3POINT-POSS, players reported higher perceived exertion during the 3x3PASSES (small to moderate effects). In addition, players reported the 3x3POINT-POSS as being more enjoyfull than the 3x3NORMAL. In conclusion, coaches may consider incorporating the 3x3POINT-POSS to enhance players' external load while simultaneously increasing enjoyment and decreasing perceived exertion. Conversely, the 3x3PASSES condition may be useful for promoting adaptive behaviors under a higher perception of effort. Thus, coaches should carefully choose the type of rewards when designing training tasks for youth basketball players.
本研究旨在调查不同的与进攻奖励相关的规则对青少年篮球运动员在小型比赛（SSG）中的身体表现、主观用力感觉和愉悦感的影响。18名青年男性运动员（年龄：13.3±0.9岁；身高：167.0±13.1厘米；体重：50.6±11.5千克；训练年限：3.1±1.2年）参与了三种不同的3对3 SSG（14x15米场地）实验条件：i）3对3常规赛，即常规的3对3比赛；ii）3对3得分后控球，即控球方得分后可获得一次新的控球权；iii）3对3传球赛，即得分由投篮前的传球次数决定。使用全球定位系统、主观用力感觉评分和身体活动愉悦感量表来测量运动员的表现。与其他条件相比，运动员在3对3得分后控球时的总跑动距离（p<0.001）、低速跑动距离（p<0.01）和中速跑动距离（p<0.05）更长，比赛节奏更快（p<0.001）。在3对3得分后控球中，加速（1-1.99米·秒-2，p<0.01）和减速（>2米·秒-2，p<0.01）的次数也更多。尽管3对3得分后控球的外部负荷更高，但运动员在3对3传球赛中的主观用力感觉更高（小到中等效应）。此外，运动员报告称3对3得分后控球比3对3常规赛更有趣。总之，教练在设计青少年篮球运动员的训练任务时应仔细选择奖励类型。相反，3对3传球赛条件可能有助于在更高的努力感知下促进适应性行为。因此，教练在为青少年篮球运动员设计训练任务时应谨慎选择奖励类型。
