College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
Escuela de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021 Apr;8(2):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00782-y. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Hispanic women are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), with obesity and unhealthy eating being important contributing factors. A cross-sectional design was used in this study to identify dietary patterns and their associations with diabetes risk factors. Participants completed a culturally adapted Food Frequency Questionnaire capturing intake over the prior 3 months. Overweight/obese Hispanic women (n = 191) with or at risk for T2D were recruited from a community clinic into a weight loss intervention. Only baseline data was used for this analysis. Dietary patterns and their association with diabetes risk factors (age, body mass index, abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose [FBG], and hemoglobin A1c). An exploratory factor analysis of dietary data adjusted for energy intake was used to identify eating patterns, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to assess the association of the eating patterns with the diabetes risk factors. Six meaningful patterns with healthful and unhealthful traits emerged: (1) sugar and fat-laden, (2) plant foods and fish, (3) soups and starchy dishes, (4) meats and snacks, (5) beans and grains, and (6) eggs and dairy. Scores for the "sugar and fat-laden" and "meats and snacks" patterns were negatively associated with age (r = - 0.230, p = 0.001 and r = - 0.298, p < 0.001, respectively). Scores for "plant foods and fish" were positively associated with FBG (r = 0.152, p = 0.037). Being younger may be an important risk factor for a diet rich in sugar and fat; this highlights the need to assess dietary patterns among younger Hispanic women to identify traits potentially detrimental for their health.
西班牙裔女性患 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的风险很高，肥胖和不健康的饮食是重要的促成因素。本研究采用横断面设计，旨在确定饮食模式及其与糖尿病危险因素的关系。参与者完成了一份文化适应的食物频率问卷，以了解过去 3 个月的饮食摄入量。从社区诊所招募了超重/肥胖的西班牙裔女性（n=191），这些女性患有或有患 2 型糖尿病的风险，并将其纳入减肥干预计划。本分析仅使用基线数据。饮食模式及其与糖尿病危险因素（年龄、体重指数、腹部肥胖、空腹血糖升高[FBG]和血红蛋白 A1c）的关系。对能量摄入进行调整后的饮食数据进行探索性因子分析，以确定饮食模式，并用 Pearson 相关系数（r）评估饮食模式与糖尿病危险因素的相关性。有 6 种具有健康和不健康特征的有意义的模式：（1）含糖和高脂肪，（2）植物性食物和鱼类，（3）汤和淀粉类菜肴，（4）肉类和零食，（5）豆类和谷物，（6）鸡蛋和乳制品。“含糖和高脂肪”和“肉类和零食”模式的得分与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.230，p=0.001 和 r=-0.298，p<0.001）。“植物性食物和鱼类”的得分与 FBG 呈正相关（r=0.152，p=0.037）。年轻可能是饮食中富含糖和脂肪的重要危险因素；这突出表明需要评估年轻西班牙裔女性的饮食模式，以确定可能对其健康有害的特征。
