Feng Ming-Chu, Wu Hsiang-Chun, Lin Hui-Tzu, Lei Lei, Chao Chia-Ling, Lu Chun-Mei, Yang Wan-Ping
MSN, RN, High Commissioner, Department of Superintendent, and Director, International Medical Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, and Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Taiwan, ROC.
MSN, RN, Supervisor, Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
Hu Li Za Zhi. 2020 Jun;67(3):64-74. doi: 10.6224/JN.202006_67(3).09.
The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in December 2019. The high levels of stress experienced by nurses during this pandemic may have immediate and long-term effects on their mental health.
To explore the stress and psychological problems of nurses during this pandemic and to identify strategies used by these nurses to relieve stress.
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted that included a basic information datasheet, stress of nursing staff during COVID-19 outbreak scale, psychological distress scale, and stress relief methods survey form. Convenience sampling was used and a total of 469 practicing nurses participated in this study.
Most of the participants expressed concerns about living problems (72.7%). On the stress questionnaire, the facets of "burden of taking care of patients" and "worries about social isolation" earned the first and second highest scores, respectively. In terms of items, "worrying about infecting family members and friends" and "worrying about being separated from family after being infected" earned the two highest scores (2.35 ± 0.79 and 2.17 ± 0.92, respectively). Scores for psychological distress averaged 5.49 ± 3.83, with stress anxiety (1.32 ± 0.84) earning the highest mean subscale score followed by distress and irritability (1.17 ± 0.92) and depression (1.12 ± 0.94). Nearly two-thirds (61.8%) of the participants earned psychological and emotional distress scores within the 'normal' range, and 3.4% earned scores indicating severe distress. "Receiving education and training" was the most common method used by the participants to relieve stress (2.27 ± 0.51).
The following six strategies are proposed based on the above findings: (1) Caring: provide psychological assessment and care; (2) Supporting: create a friendly team atmosphere and provide support; (3) Inquiring: recruit volunteers with relevant experience; (4) Informing: provide timely, open, and transparent epidemic-prevention information; (5) Equipping: provide complete and appropriate epidemic-prevention education and training; (6) Assisting: establish a strategy for family support and caring to reduce the stress and worries of nurses.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）全球大流行始于2019年12月。在此次大流行期间，护士所经历的高度压力可能会对其心理健康产生即时和长期影响。
探讨此次大流行期间护士的压力及心理问题，并确定这些护士用于缓解压力的策略。
开展了一项横断面在线调查，其中包括一份基本信息数据表、COVID-19疫情期间护理人员压力量表、心理困扰量表以及压力缓解方法调查问卷。采用便利抽样法，共有469名执业护士参与了本研究。
大多数参与者表达了对生活问题的担忧（72.7%）。在压力问卷中，“照顾患者的负担”和“担心社交隔离”方面分别获得了最高和第二高的分数。在具体条目方面，“担心感染家人和朋友”以及“担心感染后与家人分离”获得了两个最高分（分别为2.35±0.79和2.17±0.92）。心理困扰得分平均为5.49±3.83，其中压力焦虑（1.32±0.84）获得的平均子量表得分最高，其次是困扰和易怒（1.17±0.92）以及抑郁（1.12±0.94）。近三分之二（61.8%）的参与者心理和情绪困扰得分在“正常”范围内，3.4%的参与者得分表明存在严重困扰。“接受教育和培训”是参与者最常用的缓解压力的方法（2.27±0.51）。
基于上述研究结果，提出以下六种策略：（1）关怀：提供心理评估和护理；（2）支持：营造友好的团队氛围并提供支持；（3）询问：招募有相关经验的志愿者；（4）告知：提供及时、公开和透明的防疫信息；（5）装备：提供完整且适当的防疫教育和培训；（6）协助：制定家庭支持和关怀策略，以减轻护士的压力和担忧。
