Ahmad Rizwan, Almubayedh Hanine, Ahmad Niyaz, Naqvi Atta Abbas, Riaz Muhammad
Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Phytother Res. 2020 Nov;34(11):2793-2819. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6720. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Pistacia chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart ex Brandis) Rech. F. is a valuable medicinal plant used in south Asian communities for the treatment of asthma, diarrhea, diabetes, liver diseases, fever, pain and inflammation. This review critically evaluates the available information on P. integerrima's ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, and so forth, books and theses were used to find relevant information about P. integerrima using keywords such as "Pistacia integerrima," "P. integerrima," "Ethnopharmacology," "Phytochemistry," "Traditional uses". A number of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities have been reported; however, the most promising and attractive activity observed was its role in Alzheimer, diabetes, convulsions, cancer, asthma, diabetes, diarrhea and as an immunomodulatory, analgesic and antiinflammatory. In addition, Pistagremic acid exerted anti-Alzheimer's activity based on a hitherto unknown mechanism through interference with the amyloidogenic pathway. Most of the pharmacological activities were linked with traditional uses. A range of compounds have been reported from P. integerrima extracts including triterpenes, volatile oils, flavonoids, fatty acids, phenolic, phytosterols, tannins and oligosaccharides as well as unknown triterpenes and flavonoids. Pistagremic acid, a novel triterpene, was attributed to most of the activities. in vivo toxicological studies in animal suggested a toxic dose of 1,500 mg kg , for its methanolic extract. All reported pharmacological activities were carried out in vitro and a gap in research, that is, preclinical and clinical investigation exists. Its outstanding activity as an antiglycating agent is the most promising and a so far unique activity and needs further evaluation. In-depth research and clinical trials on human subjects in order to investigate P. integerrima pharmacological activity, clinical efficacy and safety are crucial next steps.
全缘叶黄连木（Pistacia chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart ex Brandis) Rech. F.）是一种珍贵的药用植物，在南亚社区用于治疗哮喘、腹泻、糖尿病、肝脏疾病、发烧、疼痛和炎症。本综述批判性地评估了有关全缘叶黄连木的民族植物学、民族药理学、植物化学、药理学和毒理学的现有信息。利用谷歌学术、PubMed、施普林格链接等电子数据库、书籍和论文，使用“全缘叶黄连木”、“P. integerrima”、“民族药理学”、“植物化学”、“传统用途”等关键词来查找有关全缘叶黄连木的相关信息。已经报道了许多体外和体内药理活性；然而，观察到的最有前景和最具吸引力的活性是其在阿尔茨海默病、糖尿病、惊厥、癌症、哮喘、糖尿病、腹泻方面的作用，以及作为免疫调节剂、镇痛药和抗炎药的作用。此外，黄连木酸通过干扰淀粉样蛋白生成途径，基于一种迄今未知的机制发挥抗阿尔茨海默病活性。大多数药理活性与传统用途相关。从全缘叶黄连木提取物中已报道了一系列化合物，包括三萜类、挥发油、黄酮类、脂肪酸、酚类、植物甾醇、单宁和寡糖，以及未知的三萜类和黄酮类。新型三萜类化合物黄连木酸被认为具有大部分活性。动物体内毒理学研究表明其甲醇提取物的毒性剂量为1500 mg/kg。所有报道的药理活性均在体外进行，存在研究空白，即临床前和临床研究。其作为抗糖化剂的突出活性是最有前景的，也是迄今为止独特的活性，需要进一步评估。对人体进行深入研究和临床试验以研究全缘叶黄连木的药理活性、临床疗效和安全性是接下来至关重要的步骤。
