Workeneh Biruh T, Jhaveri Kenar D, Rondon-Berrios Helbert
Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA.
Kidney Int. 2020 Oct;98(4):870-882. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.015. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder observed in a wide variety of malignancies and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Newer cancer therapies have improved patient outcomes while contributing to new cases of hyponatremia. Patients should be monitored closely for the development of vasopressin- and non-vasopressin-mediated hyponatremia. Acute and symptomatic forms of hyponatremia require urgent intervention, and recent findings support the correction of chronic "asymptomatic" hyponatremia. Optimizing hyponatremia may reduce medical costs, and improve cancer survival likelihood and quality of life. In this article, we review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hyponatremia in the cancer patient.
低钠血症是在多种恶性肿瘤中常见的一种电解质紊乱，与较高的发病率和死亡率相关。新型癌症治疗方法在改善患者预后的同时，也导致了低钠血症新病例的出现。应密切监测患者是否发生抗利尿激素介导和非抗利尿激素介导的低钠血症。急性和有症状的低钠血症需要紧急干预，最近的研究结果支持对慢性“无症状”低钠血症进行纠正。优化低钠血症的治疗可能会降低医疗成本，并提高癌症患者的生存几率和生活质量。在本文中，我们综述了癌症患者低钠血症的流行病学、病理生理学、病因、诊断和治疗。
