Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Biomed Sci. 2020 Jun 4;27(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12929-020-00663-w.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the worldwide spread of the infectious disease COVID-19, caused by a new strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, as a pandemic. Like in all other infectious diseases, the host immune system plays a key role in our defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, viruses are able to evade the immune attack and proliferate and, in susceptible individuals, cause severe inflammatory response known as cytokine storm, particularly in the lungs. The advancement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the host immune responses promises to facilitate the development of approaches for prevention or treatment of diseases. Components of immune system, such as antibodies, can also be used to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic methods as well as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize our knowledge about how the host mounts immune responses to infection by SARS-CoV-2. We also describe the diagnostic methods being used for COVID-19 identification and summarize the current status of various therapeutic strategies, including vaccination, being considered for treatment of the disease.
2020 年 3 月 11 日，世界卫生组织宣布由新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 引起的传染病 COVID-19 在全球范围内传播为大流行。与所有其他传染病一样，宿主免疫系统在我们抵御 SARS-CoV-2 感染的过程中起着关键作用。然而，病毒能够逃避免疫攻击并增殖，在易感个体中引起严重的炎症反应，称为细胞因子风暴，特别是在肺部。我们对宿主免疫反应机制的理解的进步有望促进预防或治疗疾病方法的发展。免疫系统的成分，如抗体，也可用于开发敏感和特异的诊断方法以及新型治疗剂。在这篇综述中，我们总结了宿主对 SARS-CoV-2 感染产生免疫反应的机制。我们还描述了用于 COVID-19 鉴定的诊断方法，并总结了各种治疗策略的现状，包括正在考虑用于治疗该疾病的疫苗接种。
