Cheon Yuen Mi, Ip Pak See, Haskin Milou, Yip Tiffany
Department of Child Development and Education, Myongji University, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 May 15;11:959. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00959. eCollection 2020.
Ethnic/racial minority adolescents face the task of forming an identity in relation to their ethnic/racial group as well as to American society, while also developing awareness of their social status relative to salient social groups. Whereas previous studies have investigated individual social identity dimensions or examined how objective measures of ethnicity/race and socioeconomic status intersect, studies that take a holistic and person-centered approach to considering various configurations of multiple social identities with subjective measures have been less common. The current study addresses these gaps and explores profiles of ethnic/racial identity, American identity, and subjective social status among ethnic/racial minority adolescents. Next, differences in discrimination experiences, mental health and academic outcomes across these profiles were examined. Three distinct identity profiles emerged from the data - "weakly identified," "high ethnic/racial identity moderate American identity," and "moderate ethnic/racial identity and American identity." The "weakly identified" demonstrated the highest levels of past discrimination experiences and depressive symptoms, while the "moderate ethnic/racial identity and American identity" group reported the lowest levels of school engagement. Interpretation of the profiles and associated outcomes and implications are discussed.
少数族裔青少年面临着在与自己的族裔群体以及美国社会的关系中形成身份认同的任务，同时还要培养他们相对于显著社会群体的社会地位意识。以往的研究要么调查了个体社会认同维度，要么研究了族裔/种族和社会经济地位的客观衡量标准是如何交叉的，而采用整体和以人为主的方法，用主观衡量标准来考虑多种社会身份的不同组合的研究则较少见。本研究弥补了这些空白，探讨了少数族裔青少年的族裔/种族认同、美国认同和主观社会地位概况。接下来，研究了这些概况在歧视经历、心理健康和学业成绩方面的差异。数据中出现了三种不同的认同概况——“认同度低”、“族裔/种族认同度高、美国认同度中等”和“族裔/种族认同度和美国认同度中等”。“认同度低”的群体表现出最高水平的过往歧视经历和抑郁症状，而“族裔/种族认同度和美国认同度中等”的群体报告的学校参与度最低。文中讨论了对这些概况以及相关结果和影响的解读。
