Basso Marcos Fernando, Arraes Fabrício Barbosa Monteiro, Grossi-de-Sa Maíra, Moreira Valdeir Junio Vaz, Alves-Ferreira Marcio, Grossi-de-Sa Maria Fatima
Plant Biotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil.
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 May 15;11:509. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00509. eCollection 2020.
Climate change and the exploration of new areas of cultivation have impacted the yields of several economically important crops worldwide. Both conventional plant breeding based on planned crosses between parents with specific traits and genetic engineering to develop new biotechnological tools (NBTs) have allowed the development of elite cultivars with new features of agronomic interest. The use of these NBTs in the search for agricultural solutions has gained prominence in recent years due to their rapid generation of elite cultivars that meet the needs of crop producers, and the efficiency of these NBTs is closely related to the optimization or best use of their elements. Currently, several genetic engineering techniques are used in synthetic biotechnology to successfully improve desirable traits or remove undesirable traits in crops. However, the features, drawbacks, and advantages of each technique are still not well understood, and thus, these methods have not been fully exploited. Here, we provide a brief overview of the plant genetic engineering platforms that have been used for proof of concept and agronomic trait improvement, review the major elements and processes of synthetic biotechnology, and, finally, present the major NBTs used to improve agronomic traits in socioeconomically important crops.
气候变化以及新种植区域的开拓已经影响了全球几种具有重要经济价值作物的产量。基于具有特定性状的亲本间有计划杂交的传统植物育种以及开发新生物技术工具（NBTs）的基因工程，都使得具有农艺学意义新特性的优良品种得以培育。近年来，由于这些NBTs能够快速培育出满足作物生产者需求的优良品种，其在寻找农业解决方案中的应用变得日益重要，并且这些NBTs的效率与它们各要素的优化或最佳利用密切相关。目前，几种基因工程技术被用于合成生物技术，以成功改善作物中的理想性状或去除不良性状。然而，每种技术的特点、缺点和优点仍未得到充分了解，因此，这些方法尚未得到充分利用。在此，我们简要概述了用于概念验证和农艺性状改良的植物基因工程平台，回顾了合成生物技术的主要要素和过程，最后介绍了用于改善社会经济重要作物农艺性状的主要NBTs。
