Deaprtment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
PLoS One. 2020 Jun 5;15(6):e0233462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233462. eCollection 2020.
Behavioral intentions (motivational factors), attitudes, subjective norm (social pressures), and perceived behavioral control promote or discourage smoking behavior among adolescents.
To assess students' behavioral intentions, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on smoking using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The prevalence of smoking among the adolescents is also calculated.
In this cross-sectional study, structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from adolescents in primary and secondary schools. Data on demographics, behavioral intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards smoking were collected. Pearson product moment correlations and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with current smoking.
A total sample of 2554 (mean age = 15; Range = 12-18 years) students participated in the study. Twenty-nine percent (n = 728) of the students had tried smoking at least once. Smoking was predicted by attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention.There was a strong association between having a parent or guardian, caregiver or close friend who smoked (p < 0.001) and being a smoker. The majority of students (57%) conveyed that adults talked to them about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and 50% had discussed smoking concerns with their friends. Students who had positive attitudes towards smoking like "smoking makes you confident" were more likely to be current smokers (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.03-2.59). The feeling or conviction that they could refuse a cigarette if offered was an impediment from smoking (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.13-0.26).
Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control contributed significantly to the students' smoking. Right attitudes must be cultivated and behavioral control must be strengthened for early effective interventions to curtail smoking among adolescents.
行为意图（动机因素）、态度、主观规范（社会压力）和感知行为控制促进或阻碍青少年的吸烟行为。
使用计划行为理论评估学生对吸烟的行为意图、态度、主观规范和感知行为控制。还计算了青少年吸烟的流行率。
在这项横断面研究中，使用结构化的自我管理问卷从中小学学生中收集数据。收集了关于人口统计学、吸烟行为的行为意图、态度、主观规范和感知行为控制的数据。使用皮尔逊积矩相关和逻辑回归模型来确定与当前吸烟相关的因素。
共有 2554 名（平均年龄=15 岁；范围为 12-18 岁）学生参与了这项研究。29%（n=728）的学生至少尝试过吸烟一次。吸烟由态度、主观规范、感知行为控制和意图来预测。有一个父母或监护人、照顾者或亲密朋友吸烟（p<0.001）和吸烟的学生之间存在很强的关联。大多数学生（57%）表示成年人与他们谈论过吸烟的有害影响，50%的学生与他们的朋友讨论过吸烟问题。对吸烟有积极态度的学生，如“吸烟让你自信”，更有可能成为当前吸烟者（OR：1.63，95% CI：1.03-2.59）。如果有人递烟，他们有信心拒绝的感觉或信念是阻止他们吸烟的障碍（OR：0.18，95% CI：0.13-0.26）。
态度、主观规范和感知行为控制对学生的吸烟行为有显著贡献。必须培养正确的态度，必须加强行为控制，以便对青少年进行早期有效的干预，以遏制吸烟。
