Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Seewartenstr. 10, 20459 Hamburg, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 3;17(11):3963. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113963.
Social firms-a type of social enterprise-offer people with severe disabilities the possibility of employment and integration into the labor market. Since 01 January 2018, social firms in Germany are obligated to provide health promotion interventions for their employees. Therefore, the study aims to provide an overview of the current state of research on working conditions, coping strategies, work- and health-related outcomes, and health promotion interventions in social firms to derive recommendations for action.
The databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. The study selection was based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria in the time period between 2000 and 2019. The quality of the studies was critically appraised in a standardized way using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool.
A total of 25 studies were included. The current state of research indicated that employees with disabilities were provided with several environmental resources like social support, flexibility, structured work tasks or options for training. A mix of environmental and personal resources impacted several work- and health-related outcomes like well-being, job satisfaction, productivity, work engagement, the motivation to work, or job tenure.
There is a need for further (longitudinal) research concerning the work and health situation of employees working in social firms and the development of health promotion interventions.
社会企业（一种社会企业类型）为重度残疾人士提供了就业和融入劳动力市场的可能性。自 2018 年 1 月 1 日起，德国的社会企业有义务为其员工提供健康促进干预措施。因此，本研究旨在概述社会企业中工作条件、应对策略、工作和健康相关结果以及健康促进干预措施的研究现状，为制定行动建议提供依据。
在 2000 年至 2019 年期间，我们在 PubMed、MEDLINE、PsycINFO、PSYNDEX、CINAHL 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了搜索。研究选择基于预先设定的纳入和排除标准。使用混合方法评估工具以标准化的方式对研究质量进行了批判性评估。
共纳入 25 项研究。目前的研究现状表明，残疾员工获得了多种环境资源，如社会支持、灵活性、结构化工作任务或培训选择。环境资源和个人资源的组合对工作和健康相关结果产生了影响，如幸福感、工作满意度、生产力、工作投入、工作动机或工作任期。
需要进一步（纵向）研究社会企业中员工的工作和健康状况，以及健康促进干预措施的发展。
