Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Seewartenstr. 10, 20459 Hamburg, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 26;18(17):8979. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18178979.
Social firms are located on the general labor market and employ 30-50% of severely disabled people. Findings on personal and work-related impacts for employees and supervisors during the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet available and will be investigated in the present study. Using the approach of a method triangulation, focus groups with employees and individual interviews with supervisors of several social firms from the North of Germany were combined and collected in parallel. Between July and November 2020, 16 semi-structured telephone interviews with supervisors and three focus groups with 3-6 employees each working within the same team (14 employees in total) were conducted. Both formats were recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed by using Mayring's qualitative content analysis. Because a large proportion of the employees and supervisors interviewed worked in the gastronomy sector, they were particularly affected by the "restriction of social contacts" beginning in March 2020. Hygiene and distance regulations were implemented and personnel planning and distribution of work were adapted. Challenges were raised for employees with disabilities due to the implementation of hygiene and distance regulations, a sudden loss of work, lacking routines, additional work, a lack of movement, social contacts and financial challenges. Both employees and supervisors reported fears of infection, conflicts, additional work and fears of job loss. Additionally, supervisors dealt with less staffing, challenges in detaching from work and a strained economic situation. Overall, new insights were gained into the work-related impacts for employees and supervisors in inclusive workplaces during the current COVID-19 pandemic but further research on health-promoting structures is needed.
社会企业位于普通劳动力市场,雇用 30-50%的重度残疾人。目前的研究将调查在 COVID-19 大流行期间,员工和主管在个人和工作方面的影响的相关发现。本研究采用方法三角测量的方法,将德国北部几家社会企业的员工焦点小组和主管个人访谈结合起来,并平行收集。在 2020 年 7 月至 11 月期间,对 16 名主管进行了 16 次半结构化电话访谈,对在同一团队工作的 3-6 名员工(共 14 名员工)进行了三次焦点小组访谈。两种格式都进行了记录、转录、匿名处理,并使用 Mayring 的定性内容分析进行了分析。由于接受采访的员工和主管中有很大一部分在餐饮业工作,他们受到了 2020 年 3 月开始的“限制社会接触”的特别影响。实施了卫生和距离规定,并调整了人员规划和工作分配。由于实施了卫生和距离规定、突然失业、缺乏常规、额外工作、缺乏运动、社会联系和经济挑战,残疾员工面临挑战。员工和主管都报告了对感染、冲突、额外工作和失业的恐惧。此外,主管还面临人手不足、难以从工作中解脱以及经济状况紧张等挑战。总的来说,在当前的 COVID-19 大流行期间,我们对包容性工作场所中员工和主管的工作相关影响有了新的认识,但需要进一步研究促进健康的结构。