Chen Sin-Guang, Ugwu Felix, Li Wan-Chun, Caplice Noel M, Petcu Eugen, Yip Shea Ping, Huang Chien-Ling
Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2021 Feb;27(1):14-28. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2019.0264. Epub 2020 Jul 27.
The common occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and the lack of proper autologous tissues prompt and promote the pressing development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). Current progress on scaffold production, genetically modified cells, and use of nanotechnology-based monitoring has considerably improved the long-term patency of engineered tissue grafts. However, challenges abound in the autologous materials and manipulation of genes and cells for tissue engineering. This review overviews current development in TEVGs and discusses recent improvements in scaffolding techniques and the efficiency of gene-editing tools and their ability to fill the existing gaps in stem cell and regenerative therapies. Current advances in three-dimensional printing approaches for fabrication of engineered tissues are also reviewed together with specific biomaterials for vascular tissues. In addition, the natural and synthetic polymers that hold increasing significance for vascular tissue engineering are highlighted. Both animal models and nanotechnology-based monitoring are proposed for preclinical evaluation of engineered grafts in view of their historical significance in tissue engineering. The ultimate success of tissue regeneration, which is yet to be fully realized, depends on the optimal performance of culture systems, biomaterial constructs, and stem cells in a suitable artificial physiological environment.
心血管疾病的普遍发生以及缺乏合适的自体组织，促使并推动了组织工程血管移植物（TEVGs）的迫切发展。目前在支架生产、基因改造细胞以及基于纳米技术的监测方面取得的进展，已显著提高了工程组织移植物的长期通畅性。然而，在用于组织工程的自体材料以及基因和细胞操作方面仍存在诸多挑战。本综述概述了TEVGs的当前发展情况，并讨论了支架技术的最新改进、基因编辑工具的效率及其填补干细胞和再生疗法现有空白的能力。还综述了用于制造工程组织的三维打印方法的当前进展以及用于血管组织的特定生物材料。此外，强调了对血管组织工程具有越来越重要意义的天然和合成聚合物。鉴于动物模型和基于纳米技术的监测在组织工程中的历史意义，建议将它们用于工程移植物的临床前评估。组织再生的最终成功尚未完全实现，这取决于培养系统、生物材料构建体和干细胞在合适的人工生理环境中的最佳性能。
