Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Genomics Group, 24306, Plön, Germany; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Environmental Genomics Group, 24000, Kiel, Germany.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2020 Aug;56:81-88. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.04.007. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Living organisms respond to their immediate environment by modulating their genetic programme to perform adapted functions. Eukaryotic organisms that associate with plants (fungi, oomycetes, insects, …) alter their transcriptome in a host-specific manner. Recent comparative transcriptomic studies revealed that host-specialized transcriptomes consist of a limited set of genes. Such a set typically encodes proteins that modulate host structures and functions (predicted effectors and other secreted proteins), control nutrient assimilation (proteases, transporters), and maintain cellular homeostasis (oxidoreductases, detoxification enzymes). We conclude by discussing open mechanistic and evolutionary questions and integrated approaches to move beyond descriptive studies.
生物通过调节其基因表达程序来适应其所处的环境。与植物共生的真核生物（真菌、卵菌、昆虫等）会以宿主特异性的方式改变其转录组。最近的比较转录组学研究表明，宿主特化的转录组包含一组有限的基因。这类基因通常编码调节宿主结构和功能的蛋白质（预测的效应子和其他分泌蛋白）、控制营养物质吸收（蛋白酶、转运蛋白）以及维持细胞内环境稳定（氧化还原酶、解毒酶）。最后，我们讨论了开放的机制和进化问题，并提出了综合的方法来超越描述性研究。
