Shi Zumin, Ganji Vijay
Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020 Dec;74(12):1725-1735. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0668-6. Epub 2020 Jun 6.
We aimed to examine the prospective association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Chinese adults.
Adults aged ≥20 years in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (open cohort) were followed between 1991 and 2011. Participants may enter the cohort at any wave. Dietary intakes were obtained from a 3-day, 24-h recall combined with household weighing for oil and condiments. CVD was defined as having either myocardial infarction or stroke. Two sets of dietary patterns were derived using reduced rank regression and factor analysis. Iron-related dietary pattern (IDP) was generated using iron intake as a response variable. Multivariable Cox regression was used to analyse the relation between dietary patterns and CVD risk.
In total, 13,055 adults were followed for a median of 9 years. During 115,368 person years of follow-up, 502 participants developed CVD. Two dietary patterns were derived and labeled as traditional dietary pattern (high intake of rice, pork, fish, poultry, and fresh vegetable but low intake of wheat) and modern dietary pattern (high intake of fruit, soymilk, and fast food). Across the quartiles of intake, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for CVD were 1.0, 0.84 (0.64-1.10), 0.57 (0.42-0.77), and 0.58 (0.42-0.79) for traditional pattern (p for trend <0.001) and 1.0, 1.56 (1.16-2.09), 1.56 (1.13-2.14), and 1.68 (1.16-2.44) (p for trend = 0.118) for modern pattern. IDP was characterised by high intake of fresh vegetable, wheat, legume, beverage, offal, rice, and whole grain. IDP intake was not associated CVD. Comparing extreme quartiles, high rice intake was associated with halved while wheat intake was associated with a doubled risk of CVD.
Traditional dietary pattern and rice intake are inversely but modern dietary pattern and wheat is directly associated with CVD risk. IDP is not related to CVD in Chinese adults.
我们旨在研究中国成年人饮食模式与心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间的前瞻性关联。
在中国健康与营养调查（开放队列）中，对年龄≥20岁的成年人在1991年至2011年期间进行随访。参与者可在任何一个调查周期进入队列。饮食摄入量通过3天24小时回顾法结合家庭食用油和调味品称重获得。CVD定义为患有心肌梗死或中风。使用降秩回归和因子分析得出两组饮食模式。以铁摄入量作为响应变量生成铁相关饮食模式（IDP）。采用多变量Cox回归分析饮食模式与CVD风险之间的关系。
总共对13,055名成年人进行了中位时间为9年的随访。在115,368人年的随访期间，502名参与者患上了CVD。得出两种饮食模式，分别标记为传统饮食模式（大米、猪肉、鱼类、家禽和新鲜蔬菜摄入量高但小麦摄入量低）和现代饮食模式（水果、豆浆和快餐摄入量高）。在摄入量的四分位数范围内，传统模式下CVD的风险比（95%CI）分别为1.0、0.84（0.64 - 1.10）、0.57（0.42 - 0.77）和0.58（0.42 - 0.79）（趋势p值<0.001），现代模式下分别为1.0、1.56（1.16 - 2.09）、1.56（1.13 - 2.14）和1.68（1.16 - 2.44）（趋势p值 = 0.118）。IDP的特点是新鲜蔬菜、小麦、豆类、饮料、内脏、大米和全谷物摄入量高。IDP摄入量与CVD无关。比较极端四分位数，大米摄入量高与CVD风险减半相关，而小麦摄入量高与CVD风险加倍相关。
传统饮食模式和大米摄入量与CVD风险呈负相关，而现代饮食模式和小麦摄入量与CVD风险呈正相关。IDP与中国成年人的CVD无关。
