Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020 Jun 6;20(8):37. doi: 10.1007/s11882-020-00936-2.
The recent increase in childhood food allergy prevalence strongly suggests that environmental exposures are contributing to food allergy development. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of the external exposome in food allergy.
There is growing evidence that environmental exposure to food antigens in house dust through non-oral routes contributes to food sensitization and allergy. Co-exposure to environmental adjuvants in house dust, such as microbial products and fungal allergens, may also facilitate allergic sensitization. While a high-microbe environment is associated with decreased atopy, studies are mixed on whether endotoxin exposure protects against food sensitization. Several chemicals and air pollutants have been associated with food sensitization, but their role in food allergy remains understudied. Children are exposed to numerous environmental agents that can influence food allergy risk. Further studies are needed to identify the key early-life exposures that promote or inhibit food allergy development.
儿童食物过敏患病率的近期增加强烈表明，环境暴露可能促成了食物过敏的发生。本综述总结了目前关于外部暴露组在食物过敏中的作用的知识。
越来越多的证据表明，通过非口服途径从室内灰尘中接触食物抗原会导致食物致敏和过敏。室内灰尘中环境佐剂（如微生物产物和真菌过敏原）的共同暴露也可能促进过敏致敏。虽然高微生物环境与变应性降低有关，但关于内毒素暴露是否能预防食物致敏的研究结果不一。一些化学物质和空气污染物与食物致敏有关，但它们在食物过敏中的作用仍研究不足。儿童会接触到许多可能影响食物过敏风险的环境因素。需要进一步研究以确定促进或抑制食物过敏发展的关键生命早期暴露因素。
