Curr Probl Cardiol. 2021 Mar;46(3):100615. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100615. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is currently considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). With the advent of antiretroviral treatment and prevention, HIV-related morbidity and mortality rates have decreased significantly. Prolonged life expectancy heralded higher prevalence of diseases of aging, including CVD-associated morbidity and mortality, having an earlier onset in people living with HIV (PLHIV) compared to their noninfected counterparts. Several epigenetic biomarkers are now available as predictors of health and disease, with DNA methylation being one of the most widely studied. Epigenetic biomarkers are changes in gene expression without alterations to the intrinsic DNA sequence, with the potential to predict risk of future CVD, as well as the outcome and response to therapy among PLHIV. We sought to review the available literature referencing epigenetic markers to determine underlying biomechanism predisposing high-risk PLHIV to CVD, elucidating areas of possible intervention.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）目前被认为是心血管疾病（CVD）的一个风险因素。随着抗逆转录病毒治疗和预防的出现，HIV 相关发病率和死亡率显著下降。预期寿命的延长预示着与衰老相关疾病的患病率更高，包括与 CVD 相关的发病率和死亡率，与未感染的同龄人相比，HIV 感染者（PLHIV）的发病更早。目前有几种表观遗传生物标志物可用作健康和疾病的预测指标，其中 DNA 甲基化是研究最广泛的标志物之一。表观遗传生物标志物是指基因表达的变化而不改变内在 DNA 序列，具有预测未来 CVD 风险的潜力，以及 PLHIV 治疗的结局和反应。我们试图回顾现有的关于表观遗传标志物的文献，以确定使高危 PLHIV 易患 CVD 的潜在生物学机制，阐明可能干预的领域。
