La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2020 Aug;28(8):605-618. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.05.012. Epub 2020 May 20.
SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naiveté of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic-the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引发 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19），这是一种传染性呼吸道疾病，可导致数千人死亡，并使公共卫生系统不堪重负。SARS-CoV-2 的国际传播与全球旅行的便利性、宿主人群的免疫幼稚性以及先天免疫反应减弱有关。基于这些因素以及疾病不断扩大的地理范围，世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布 COVID-19 疫情为大流行——这是首次由冠状病毒引发的大流行。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 COVID-19 的当前流行病学状况，并考虑了针对先前 SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 暴发而开发的病毒学和免疫学经验、动物模型和工具，这些可为 SARS-CoV-2 疗法和疫苗的开发提供资源。特别是，我们讨论了对 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白的结构见解，该蛋白是传染性的主要决定因素，并讨论了有助于理解和应对这一新的全球威胁的关键分子方面。
