Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Vaccine. 2020 Nov 10;38(48):7612-7628. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.016. Epub 2020 Oct 9.
SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe respiratory disease called COVID-19. Currently, global health is facing its devastating outbreak. However, there is no vaccine available against this virus up to now. In this study, a novel multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was designed to provoke both innate and adaptive immune responses. The immunodominant regions of six non-structural proteins (nsp7, nsp8, nsp9, nsp10, nsp12 and nsp14) of SARS-CoV-2 were selected by multiple immunoinformatic tools to provoke T cell immune response. Also, immunodominant fragment of the functional region of SARS-CoV-2 spike (400-510 residues) protein was selected for inducing neutralizing antibodies production. The selected regions' sequences were connected to each other by furin-sensitive linker (RVRR). Moreover, the functional region of β-defensin as a well-known agonist for the TLR-4/MD complex was added at the N-terminus of the vaccine using (EAAAK)3 linker. Also, a CD4 + T-helper epitope, PADRE, was used at the C-terminal of the vaccine by GPGPG and A(EAAAK)2A linkers to form the final vaccine construct. The physicochemical properties, allergenicity, antigenicity, functionality and population coverage of the final vaccine construct were analyzed. The final vaccine construct was an immunogenic, non-allergen and unfunctional protein which contained multiple CD8 + and CD4 + overlapping epitopes, IFN-γ inducing epitopes, linear and conformational B cell epitopes. It could form stable and significant interactions with TLR-4/MD according to molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Global population coverage of the vaccine for HLA-I and II were estimated 96.2% and 97.1%, respectively. At last, the final vaccine construct was reverse translated to design the DNA vaccine. Although the designed vaccine exhibited high efficacy in silico, further experimental validation is necessary.
SARS-CoV-2 导致一种名为 COVID-19 的严重呼吸道疾病。目前,全球健康正面临着它的毁灭性爆发。然而,到目前为止,还没有针对这种病毒的疫苗。在这项研究中,设计了一种新型的针对 SARS-CoV-2 的多表位疫苗,以引发先天和适应性免疫反应。通过多种免疫信息学工具选择了 SARS-CoV-2 的六种非结构蛋白(nsp7、nsp8、nsp9、nsp10、nsp12 和 nsp14)的免疫优势区域,以引发 T 细胞免疫反应。此外,还选择了 SARS-CoV-2 刺突(400-510 个残基)蛋白功能区的免疫优势片段,用于诱导中和抗体的产生。选择区域的序列通过furin 敏感接头(RVRR)连接在一起。此外,β-防御素作为 TLR-4/MD 复合物的一种众所周知的激动剂,通过(EAAAK)3 接头添加到疫苗的 N 端。此外,通过 GPGPG 和 A(EAAAK)2A 接头,在疫苗的 C 端使用 CD4+T 辅助表位 PADRE,形成最终的疫苗构建体。对最终疫苗构建体的物理化学性质、变应原性、抗原性、功能和人群覆盖率进行了分析。最终疫苗构建体是一种免疫原性、非变应原性和无功能的蛋白质,包含多个 CD8+和 CD4+重叠表位、IFN-γ诱导表位、线性和构象 B 细胞表位。根据分子对接和动力学模拟,它可以与 TLR-4/MD 形成稳定且显著的相互作用。该疫苗对 HLA-I 和 II 的全球人群覆盖率估计分别为 96.2%和 97.1%。最后,将最终的疫苗构建体反向翻译为设计 DNA 疫苗。尽管设计的疫苗在计算机中显示出了很高的功效,但仍需要进一步的实验验证。
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