Boucher Vincent G, Pelaez Sandra, Parent Andrée-Anne, Plouffe Jacques, Comtois Alain S
Department of Psychology, University of Quebec-Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, CANADA.
Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CANADA.
Int J Exerc Sci. 2020 May 1;13(5):615-632. doi: 10.70252/XYGT9428. eCollection 2020.
The purpose of this study was to better understand the psychological momentum (PM) in varsity cross-country competitive runners during a 3000 m selection trials. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used: recruitment trial race day (quantitative) and interview day (qualitative + maximal aerobic running speed [MARS]). Sample was consisted of fifteen university distance runners ( = six women [25.9 ± 7.0 years old; 22.2 ± 1.8 BMI] and nine men [23.2 ± 2.4 years old; 22.6 ± 1.6 BMI]). During the recruitment trial race, athletes' MARS was measured and used to create a performance index (PERF) relative to selected moments. Also, the recruitment trial race was filmed. During the interviews, the recorded film was used to support athletes in the identification of key moments of the race, as well as to discuss positive and negative PM. PM was both defined by participants and devised by three themes: psychological, physiological and psychophysiological change. A significant PERF difference ( < 0.001) was observed between positive (97.04 ± 5.88%) and negative (108.46 ± 7.76%) moments of PM. The results of PERF for men and women athletes were not significantly different ( = 0.118). The PERF standard deviation for women was not correlated (r = 0.26, = 0.30) with the 3000 m time trial performance, but it was significantly correlated for men (r = 0.94, < 0.001). The results of the present study could help developing interventions to focus on specific elements of the momentum such as race management/strategy, the attentiveness of the runner during the race and other elements of mental and physical preparation of the athletes.
本研究的目的是更好地理解在3000米选拔测试中大学生越野赛跑运动员的心理动量（PM）。采用了序列解释性混合方法设计：招募测试比赛日（定量）和访谈日（定性+最大有氧跑步速度[MARS]）。样本包括15名大学长跑运动员（6名女性[25.9±7.0岁；体重指数22.2±1.8]和9名男性[23.2±2.4岁；体重指数22.6±1.6]）。在招募测试比赛期间，测量运动员的MARS并用于创建相对于选定时刻的表现指数（PERF）。此外，招募测试比赛进行了录像。在访谈中，使用录制的影片帮助运动员识别比赛的关键时刻，并讨论积极和消极的心理动量。心理动量由参与者定义，并通过三个主题设计：心理、生理和心理生理变化。在心理动量的积极时刻（97.04±5.88%）和消极时刻（108.46±7.76%）之间观察到显著的表现指数差异（P<0.001）。男女运动员的表现指数结果没有显著差异（P=0.118）。女性的表现指数标准差与3000米计时赛成绩不相关（r=0.26，P=0.30），但男性的表现指数标准差与之显著相关（r=0.94，P<0.001）。本研究结果有助于制定干预措施，以关注心理动量的特定要素，如比赛管理/策略、运动员在比赛中的注意力以及运动员身心准备的其他要素。
