Nishimura Taki, Tooze Sharon A
Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT UK.
Cell Discov. 2020 May 26;6(1):32. doi: 10.1038/s41421-020-0161-3. eCollection 2020.
Autophagosome biogenesis is a dynamic membrane event, which is executed by the sequential function of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Upon autophagy induction, a cup-shaped membrane structure appears in the cytoplasm, then elongates sequestering cytoplasmic materials, and finally forms a closed double membrane autophagosome. However, how this complex vesicle formation event is strictly controlled and achieved is still enigmatic. Recently, there is accumulating evidence showing that some ATG proteins have the ability to directly interact with membranes, transfer lipids between membranes and regulate lipid metabolism. A novel role for various membrane lipids in autophagosome formation is also emerging. Here, we highlight past and recent key findings on the function of ATG proteins related to autophagosome biogenesis and consider how ATG proteins control this dynamic membrane formation event to organize the autophagosome by collaborating with membrane lipids.
自噬体的生物发生是一个动态的膜事件，由自噬相关（ATG）蛋白的顺序功能执行。在自噬诱导后，一个杯状膜结构出现在细胞质中，然后伸长以隔离细胞质物质，最终形成一个封闭的双膜自噬体。然而，这种复杂的囊泡形成事件是如何被严格控制和实现的仍然是个谜。最近，越来越多的证据表明，一些ATG蛋白具有直接与膜相互作用、在膜之间转移脂质和调节脂质代谢的能力。各种膜脂在自噬体形成中的新作用也正在出现。在这里，我们重点介绍过去和最近关于与自噬体生物发生相关的ATG蛋白功能的关键发现，并思考ATG蛋白如何通过与膜脂协同作用来控制这一动态膜形成事件以构建自噬体。
