Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Stem Cells Dev. 2020 Aug 1;29(15):953-966. doi: 10.1089/scd.2020.0075. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
Esophagus and trachea arise from a common origin, the anterior foregut tube. The compartmentalization process of the foregut into the esophagus and trachea is still poorly understood. Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is one of the most common gastrointestinal congenital defects with an incidence rate of 1 in 2,500 births. EA/TEF is linked to the disruption of the compartmentalization process of the foregut tube. In EA/TEF patients, other organ anomalies and disorders have also been reported. Over the last two decades, animal models have shown the involvement of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors in the development of the esophagus and trachea. Use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to understand organogenesis has been a valuable tool for mimicking gastrointestinal and respiratory organs. This review focuses on the signaling mechanisms involved in esophageal development and the use of iPSCs to model and understand it.
食管和气管起源于共同的前肠管。前肠管分隔为食管和气管的过程仍不清楚。食管闭锁/气管食管瘘（EA/TEF）是最常见的胃肠道先天性缺陷之一，发病率为每 2500 例出生一例。EA/TEF 与前肠管分隔过程的破坏有关。在 EA/TEF 患者中，也有报道其他器官异常和疾病。在过去的二十年中，动物模型已经显示出多个信号通路和转录因子在食管和气管发育中的作用。诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）在理解器官发生中的应用是模拟胃肠道和呼吸道器官的有价值的工具。本综述重点介绍了参与食管发育的信号机制以及使用 iPSCs 对其进行建模和理解的方法。
