Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
Chemosphere. 2020 Oct;257:127240. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127240. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
Exaiptasia pallida has been applied as a cnidarian model to assess the toxicity of various contaminants using endpoints related to growth, reproduction and mortality. However, increasingly accepted behavioural and biochemical endpoints are underrepresented in ecotoxicity testing with cnidarian species. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of tentacle retraction and superoxide dismutase activity as behavioural and biochemical endpoints for ecotoxicity testing with E. pallida. A concentration-dependent, tentacle retraction response was found in sub-lethal toxicity testing for anemones exposed to 1-65 μg L Cu and 2-630 μg L Zn for 24 and 96 h. Semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches to tentacle retraction analysis showed a difference in response sensitivity, however, both methods resulted in similar 24- and 96-h EC50 values for Cu and Zn. Additionally, tentacle retraction analysis provided the benefit of identifying recovery in anemones previously exposed to 359 μg L Zn following a 96-h recovery period. Conversely, no significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity was detected in anemones exposed to the Cu and Zn solutions compared with controls, after either 24- or 96-h exposures. These findings support the ease of application and sensitivity of tentacle retraction as an endpoint in ecotoxicity testing with E. pallida and recommend its suitability for use in acute, sub-lethal toxicity testing. Moreover, evidence of recovery in E. pallida following exposure suggests that recovery should be incorporated into future toxicity assessments.
苍白真叶珊瑚已被应用于刺胞动物模型，用以评估各种污染物对生长、繁殖和死亡率等相关终点的毒性。然而，在刺胞动物物种的生态毒性测试中，越来越被接受的行为和生化终点的代表性不足。本研究旨在评估触手回缩和超氧化物歧化酶活性作为苍白真叶珊瑚生态毒性测试的行为和生化终点的适宜性。在暴露于 1-65μg L Cu 和 2-630μg L Zn 的亚致死毒性测试中，我们发现海葵的触手回缩表现出浓度依赖性，其暴露时间为 24 和 96 小时。触手回缩分析的半定量和定量方法显示出响应灵敏度的差异，但这两种方法都得到了相似的 Cu 和 Zn 的 24 和 96 小时 EC50 值。此外，触手回缩分析还具有优势，可识别先前暴露于 359μg L Zn 的海葵在 96 小时恢复期后的恢复情况。相比之下，与对照组相比，在暴露于 Cu 和 Zn 溶液 24 或 96 小时后，海葵中的超氧化物歧化酶活性没有明显差异。这些发现支持将触手回缩作为苍白真叶珊瑚生态毒性测试中的终点，具有易于应用和灵敏度高的特点，并推荐其适用于急性、亚致死毒性测试。此外，苍白真叶珊瑚在暴露后恢复的证据表明，在未来的毒性评估中应纳入恢复情况。
