Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Sep;22(17):13225-33. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4513-8. Epub 2015 May 5.
The sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida (formally Aiptasia pulchella) has been identified as a valuable test species for tropical marine ecotoxicology. Here, the sensitivities of newly developed endpoints for E. pallida to two unidentified whole effluents were compared to a standard suite of temperate toxicity test species and endpoints that are commonly used in toxicological risk assessments for tropical marine environments. For whole effluent 1 (WE1), a 96-h lethal concentration 50 % (LC50) of 40 (95 % confidence intervals, 30-54) % v/v and a 12-day LC50 of 12 (9-15) % v/v were estimated for E. pallida, exhibiting a significantly higher sensitivity than standard sub-lethal endpoints in Allorchestes compressa (96-h effective concentration 50 % (EC50) of >100 % v/v for immobilisation) and Hormosira banksii (72-h EC50 of >100 % v/v for germination), and a similar sensitivity to Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis larval development with a 48-h LC50 of 29 (28-30) % v/v. Sub-lethal effects of whole effluent 2 (WE2) on E. pallida pedal lacerate development resulted in an 8-day EC50 of 7 (3-11) % v/v, demonstrating comparable sensitivity of this endpoint to standardised sub-lethal endpoints in H. banksii (72-h EC50 of 11 (10-11) % v/v for germination), M. edulis galloprovincialis (48-h EC50 for larval development of 12 (9-14) % v/v) and Heliocidaris tuberculata (1-h EC50 of 13 (12-14) % v/v for fertilisation; 72-h EC50 of 26 (25-27) % v/v for larval development) and a significantly higher sensitivity than A. compressa immobilisation (96-h EC50 of >100 % v/v). The sensitivity of E. pallida compared to a standard test species suite highlights the value in standardising the newly developed toxicity test methods for inclusion in routine toxicological risk assessment of complex whole effluents. Importantly, this species provides an additional taxonomic group to the test species that are currently available for tropical marine ecotoxicology and, being a cnidarian, may represent important tropical marine environments including coral reefs.
海葵 Exaiptasia pallida（以前称为 Aiptasia pulchella）已被确定为热带海洋生态毒理学的一种有价值的测试物种。在这里，将新开发的针对 E. pallida 的终点的敏感性与热带海洋环境毒理学中常用的温带毒性测试物种和标准终点进行了比较。对于全废水 1（WE1），E. pallida 的 96 小时致死浓度 50%（LC50）为 40（95%置信区间，30-54）%v/v，12 天 LC50 为 12（9-15）%v/v，比标准亚致死终点 Allorchestes compressa（96 小时有效浓度 50%（EC50）>100%v/v 用于固定化）和 Hormosira banksii（72 小时 EC50 >100%v/v 用于发芽）具有更高的敏感性，并且与 Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis 幼虫发育的 48 小时 LC50 为 29（28-30）%v/v 相似。全废水 2（WE2）对 E. pallida 足蹼撕裂发育的亚致死影响导致 8 天 EC50 为 7（3-11）%v/v，表明该终点与 H. banksii 的标准化亚致死终点（72 小时 EC50 为 11（10-11）%v/v 用于发芽）、M. edulis galloprovincialis（48 小时 EC50 用于幼虫发育为 12（9-14）%v/v）和 Heliocidaris tuberculata（1 小时 EC50 为 13（12-14）%v/v 用于受精；72 小时 EC50 为 26（25-27）%v/v 用于幼虫发育）的敏感性相当，比 A. compressa 固定化（96 小时 EC50>100%v/v）更敏感。与标准测试物种组合相比，E. pallida 的敏感性突出了标准化新开发的毒性测试方法以纳入复杂全废水常规毒理学风险评估的价值。重要的是，该物种为热带海洋生态毒理学中目前可用的测试物种增加了一个分类群，并且作为刺胞动物，它可能代表包括珊瑚礁在内的重要热带海洋环境。
