Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, 13009, Marseille, France.
Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Aug;104:14-30. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.005. Epub 2020 Jun 7.
For decades, limb development has been a paradigm of three-dimensional patterning. Moreover, as the limb muscles and the other tissues of the limb's musculoskeletal system arise from distinct developmental sources, it has been a prime example of integrative morphogenesis and cross-tissue communication. As the limbs grow, all components of the musculoskeletal system (muscles, tendons, connective tissue, nerves) coordinate their growth and differentiation, ultimately giving rise to a functional unit capable of executing elaborate movement. While the molecular mechanisms governing global three-dimensional patterning and formation of the skeletal structures of the limbs has been a matter of intense research, patterning of the soft tissues is less understood. Here, we review the development of limb muscles with an emphasis on their interaction with other tissue types and the instructive roles these tissues play. Furthermore, we discuss the role of adult correlates of these embryonic accessory tissues in muscle regeneration.
几十年来，肢体发育一直是三维模式形成的范例。此外，由于肢体的肌肉和骨骼系统的其他组织来自不同的发育来源，它一直是整合形态发生和跨组织通讯的主要范例。随着肢体的生长，骨骼系统的所有组成部分（肌肉、肌腱、结缔组织、神经）协调它们的生长和分化，最终形成一个能够执行精细运动的功能单元。虽然控制整体三维模式形成和肢体骨骼结构形成的分子机制一直是研究的热点，但软组织的模式形成了解较少。在这里，我们回顾了肢体肌肉的发育，重点是它们与其他组织类型的相互作用以及这些组织所起的指导作用。此外，我们还讨论了这些胚胎附属组织的成人对应物在肌肉再生中的作用。
