Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Oct 1;737:139586. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139586. Epub 2020 May 21.
In context of fragile geological conditions and rapid urbanization, element exposure via dietary (food, water) and non-dietary (dust, soil) routes into human population at different land use settings is a major concern in the Indus floodplains (FPs) of Pakistan. In current study, several important trace elements including arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were analyzed in the paired human urine, food, water and dust samples collected from main FPs of Pakistan. Daily intake estimation and regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationships between internal exposure, exposure routes of studied trace elements and different land use settings. High concentrations of urinary As, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Cd were detected in the general male population of the studied floodplains (FPs). Moreover, the levels (μg/L) of urinary As increased gradually from FP1 (12.8), FP2 (18), FP3 (61) to FP4 (71). Regression analysis showed that As contaminated water was correlated with elevated urinary As concentrations in FP3 and FP4, and water Cr and Mn was significantly associated with urinary Cr and Mn concentrations in FP2. Moreover, the associations of food Mn and urinary Mn were found in FP1. Over all, cumulative estimated daily intake (EDI) values from water, dust and food from all the flood plains showed that Mn had the highest values (6.6, 9.2, 14.4 μg/kg/day) followed by water As (1.98 μg/kg/day), dust Cu (1.5 μg/kg/day) and Pb (1.7 μg/kg/day). Studied floodplains were moderately to highly polluted in terms of studied trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Cd) contamination especially in FP3 and FP4. The results will contribute to improve the knowledge and information on current exposure of Pakistani male adults to the different contaminants.
在脆弱的地质条件和快速城市化的背景下，人类在不同土地利用方式下，通过饮食（食物、水）和非饮食（灰尘、土壤）途径接触元素，这是巴基斯坦印度河洪泛区（FPs）的主要关注点。在当前的研究中，对从巴基斯坦主要 FPs 采集的配对人类尿液、食物、水和灰尘样本中包括砷（As）、铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）、镉（Cd）、镍（Ni）、铜（Cu）和铅（Pb）在内的几种重要微量元素进行了分析。采用每日摄入量估计和回归分析来评估内暴露、研究微量元素暴露途径与不同土地利用方式之间的关系。在所研究的洪泛区（FPs）的一般男性人群中，检测到尿液中 As、Cr、Cu、Mn 和 Cd 的浓度较高。此外，尿液中 As 的水平（μg/L）从 FP1（12.8）、FP2（18）、FP3（61）逐渐增加到 FP4（71）。回归分析表明，受污染的水中的 As 与 FP3 和 FP4 中尿液中 As 浓度的升高有关，水中的 Cr 和 Mn 与 FP2 中尿液中 Cr 和 Mn 浓度显著相关。此外，在 FP1 中发现了食物 Mn 与尿液 Mn 的关联。总的来说，来自所有洪泛区的水、灰尘和食物的累积估计每日摄入量（EDI）值表明，Mn 的值最高（6.6、9.2、14.4μg/kg/day），其次是水中的 As（1.98μg/kg/day）、灰尘中的 Cu（1.5μg/kg/day）和 Pb（1.7μg/kg/day）。在所研究的洪泛区，特别是在 FP3 和 FP4 中，研究的微量元素（As、Cr、Cu、Mn 和 Cd）污染程度为中度到高度污染。这些结果将有助于提高对巴基斯坦成年男性目前接触不同污染物的情况的了解和信息。
