Sanchis-Sanchis Alejandro, Grau Ma Dolores, Moliner Adoración-Reyes, Morales-Murillo Catalina Patricia
Escuela de Doctorado, Catholic University of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.
Faculty of Psychology, Catholic University of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 May 26;11:946. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00946. eCollection 2020.
Emotional regulation, understood as the skills and strategies needed to influence and/or modify the emotional experiences, has a very remarkable implication within numerous emotional and behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. In recent years there has been a significant increase in research on emotional regulation, however, the results are still divergent in terms of differences in emotional regulation in relation to age and gender. This study aimed to assess emotional regulation in adolescents in relation to their age and gender. Two hundred and fifty-four adolescents from eight schools in the Valencian Community and aged between 9 and 16 years participated in the study. The adolescents completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the FEEL-KJ questionnaire. We analyzed the differences in emotional regulation strategies and a latent emotional regulation variable in two age groups (9-12 years and 13-16 years) and by gender. The results suggested that children and pre-adolescents in the 9-12 year group obtained lower scores in the emotional regulation strategies than the 13-16 year group. Girls reported higher scores on the use of emotional regulation strategies when experiencing sadness, anxiety and anger than boys, and on the overall average of regulation according to these specific emotions. Age, but not gender, had a major effect on scores for the latent variable of emotion regulation. An interaction effect between age and gender was identified in the latent emotion regulation scores. Girls tended to have higher scores than boys when they were younger and lower scores than boys when they were older. These results could be relevant for designing prevention and intervention programs for adolescents and at different ages.
情绪调节被理解为影响和/或改变情绪体验所需的技能和策略，在儿童和青少年的众多情绪和行为障碍中具有非常显著的意义。近年来，关于情绪调节的研究显著增加，然而，在情绪调节与年龄和性别的差异方面，结果仍然存在分歧。本研究旨在评估青少年的情绪调节与其年龄和性别的关系。来自瓦伦西亚自治区八所学校的254名年龄在9至16岁之间的青少年参与了这项研究。这些青少年完成了认知情绪调节问卷和FEEL-KJ问卷。我们分析了两个年龄组（9至12岁和13至16岁）以及按性别划分的情绪调节策略和潜在情绪调节变量的差异。结果表明，9至12岁组的儿童和青春期前儿童在情绪调节策略方面的得分低于13至16岁组。女孩在经历悲伤、焦虑和愤怒时报告的情绪调节策略使用得分高于男孩，并且在根据这些特定情绪的调节总体平均值方面也是如此。年龄而非性别对情绪调节潜在变量的得分有主要影响。在潜在情绪调节得分中发现了年龄和性别的交互作用。女孩在较年轻时往往得分高于男孩，而在较年长时得分低于男孩。这些结果可能与为青少年及不同年龄段设计预防和干预项目相关。
