Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan, PR China.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2020 Sep;17(9):1269-1288. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1783235. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
To tackle challenges associated with traditional drug carriers, investigators have explored cells, cellular membrane, and macromolecular components including proteins and exosomes for the fabrication of delivery vehicles, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, lower toxicity, lower immunogenicity and similarities with the host. Biomacromolecule- and biomimetic nanoparticle (NP)-based drug/gene carriers are drawing immense attention, and biomimetic drug delivery systems (BDDSs) have been conceived and constructed.
This review focuses on BDDS based on mammalian cells, including blood cells, cancer cells, adult stem cells, endogenous proteins, pathogens and extracellular vesicles (EVs).
Compared with traditional drug delivery systems (DDSs), BDDSs are based on biological nanocarriers, exhibiting superior biocompatibility, fewer side effects, natural targeting, and diverse modifications. In addition to directly employing natural biomaterials such as cells, proteins, pathogens and EVs as carriers, BDDSs offer these advantages by mimicking the structure of natural nanocarriers through bioengineering technologies. Furthermore, BDDSs demonstrate fewer limitations and irregularities than natural materials and can overcome several shortcomings associated with natural carriers. Although research remains ongoing to resolve these limitations, it is anticipated that BDDSs possess the potential to overcome challenges associated with traditional DDS, with a promising future in the treatment of human diseases.
为了应对传统药物载体带来的挑战，研究人员探索了细胞、细胞膜以及包括蛋白质和外泌体在内的高分子成分，以用于制造具有优异生物相容性、较低毒性、较低免疫原性和与宿主相似性的输送载体。基于生物大分子和仿生纳米颗粒（NP）的药物/基因载体引起了广泛关注，仿生药物传递系统（BDDS）也应运而生。
本文重点介绍基于哺乳动物细胞的 BDDS，包括血细胞、癌细胞、成体干细胞、内源性蛋白质、病原体和细胞外囊泡（EVs）。
与传统药物传递系统（DDS）相比，BDDS 基于生物纳米载体，具有更好的生物相容性、更少的副作用、天然靶向性和多种修饰方式。BDDS 不仅可以直接利用细胞、蛋白质、病原体和 EVs 等天然生物材料作为载体，还可以通过生物工程技术模拟天然纳米载体的结构来实现这些优势。此外，BDDS 比天然材料具有更少的局限性和不规则性，可以克服天然载体的一些缺点。尽管仍在进行研究以解决这些局限性，但预计 BDDS 具有克服传统 DDS 相关挑战的潜力，在治疗人类疾病方面具有广阔的前景。
