St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
Mol Metab. 2020 Oct;40:101040. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101040. Epub 2020 Jun 13.
Emerging evidence demonstrates that bone is an endocrine organ capable of influencing multiple physiological and pathological processes through the secretion of hormones. Recent research suggests complex crosstalk between the bone and other metabolic and cardiovascular tissues. It was uncovered that three of these bone-derived hormones-osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin-are involved in the endocrine regulations of cardiometabolic health and play vital roles in the pathophysiological process of developing cardiometabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cardiometabolic diseases and a major contributor to disease progression. Novel evidence also implicates important roles of bone-derived hormones in the regulation of chronic inflammation.
In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the physiological and pathological roles of osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin in cardiometabolic health regulation and disease development, with a focus on the modulation of chronic inflammation.
Evidence supports that osteocalcin has a protective role in cardiometabolic health, and an increase of lipocalin 2 contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases partly via pro-inflammatory effects. The roles of sclerostin appear to be complicated: It exerts pro-adiposity and pro-insulin resistance effects in type 2 diabetes and has an anti-calcification effect during cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the actions of these bone-derived hormones in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases will provide crucial insights to help further research develop new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.
新出现的证据表明，骨骼是一种内分泌器官，能够通过分泌激素影响多种生理和病理过程。最近的研究表明，骨骼与其他代谢和心血管组织之间存在复杂的串扰。研究发现，三种源自骨骼的激素——骨钙素、脂钙素 2 和硬骨素——参与了心脏代谢健康的内分泌调节，在 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病等心脏代谢综合征的病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用。慢性低度炎症是心脏代谢疾病的特征之一，也是疾病进展的主要原因。新的证据还表明，骨骼衍生激素在慢性炎症的调节中起着重要作用。
在这篇综述中，我们详细概述了骨钙素、脂钙素 2 和硬骨素在心脏代谢健康调节和疾病发展中的生理和病理作用，重点关注慢性炎症的调节。
有证据表明，骨钙素对心脏代谢健康具有保护作用，脂钙素 2 的增加部分通过促炎作用促进心脏代谢疾病的发展。硬骨素的作用似乎较为复杂：它在 2 型糖尿病中表现出促脂肪生成和胰岛素抵抗作用，在心血管疾病中具有抗钙化作用。更好地了解这些源自骨骼的激素在心脏代谢疾病病理生理学中的作用，将为帮助进一步研究开发治疗这些疾病的新治疗策略提供重要的见解。
