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无墙大学:加拿大培养下一代 HIV 研究人员的混合式交付方法。

Universities without Walls: A Blended Delivery Approach to Training the Next Generation of HIV Researchers in Canada.

机构信息

MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.

Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.

出版信息

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 15;17(12):4265. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124265.


DOI:10.3390/ijerph17124265
PMID:32549263
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7344852/
Abstract

(1) Background: Although HIV has not diminished in importance in Canada, the field of HIV research remains small, and the graduate students who decide to pursue careers within it feel isolated and uncertain about their professional skills and opportunities. Universities Without Walls (UWW) was created in 2009 to help redress these shortcomings. This paper presents a case study of UWW, a non-credit training program for emerging HIV researchers in Canada. In particular, we focus on the possibilities of experiential learning via online and blended delivery. UWW uses both online and in-person teaching modalities to teach engaged scholarship, interdisciplinarity, community-based research (CBR), intervention research, and ethics. (2) Methods: Using a case study, we elucidated the research question: "What are the factors that make Universities Without Walls a viable training environment in the contemporary HIV/AIDS field?" Focus groups were conducted with 13 UWW key stakeholders in 2012 during a program mid-point evaluation; in 2014, telephone or in-person interviews with the three directors were conducted by a UWW fellow (the 4th author of this paper), and in 2019 the authors analyzed the information and anecdotal evidence, which had been incorporated as thick description. In addition, fellows' self-assessments via portfolio and results from formal learning assessments were included. We also thematically analyzed 65 student self-reports (2009-2015). (3) Results and Discussion: Each UWW cohort lasted 9 months to one year and was comprised of: a) sustained mentorship from the co-directors (e.g., phone conversations, assistance with grant writing, letters of reference, etc.); b) fortnightly online webinars that aim to develop fellows' knowledge of community-based research (CBR), research ethics, intervention research, and interdisciplinary research; c) community service learning in the form of a "field mentoring placement"; d) face-to-face engagement with fellows and mentors, most notably at the week-long culminating learning institute; e) a stipend for fellows to carry out their training activities. The UWW pedagogical framework features experiential learning, critical pedagogy, and heutagogy made manifest in the field mentoring placements (community service learning), mentorship mediated by technologies, and in-person learning institutes. Our analysis showed that experiential learning was imparted by UWW's a) transparency about its "implicit curriculum", the attitudes, values, character, and professional identity imparted in the program as well as the overarching programmatic elements, such as commitment to diversity, the inclusion of those with lived experience, the flexible admissions policies and procedures, interdisciplinary faculty, flexible team, administrative structure, and valuing of technology in conducting research, learning, and teaching; b) curriculum co-designing and co-teaching, and c) sustaining a community of practice. The main results reported in our case study included significant "soft outcomes" for UWW fellows, such as developing a "social presence" as a precursor to lasting professional connections; learning to experience community-based research, intersectionality, and interdisciplinarity by interacting online with persons living with HIV, leaders in the field, and a variety of stakeholders (including nonprofit staff and policymakers). (4) Limitations: While fellows' self-evaluation data were collected by an independent assessor and anonymized to the extent this was possible, the co-authors inevitably bring their preconceptions and positive biases to UWW's assessment. As UWW was developed to function outside of traditional academic structures, it is unlikely that the UWW program could be transferred to a post-secondary environment in its entirety. UWW was also built for the socio-political environment of HIV health research. (5) Conclusions: The experiences of those involved with UWW demonstrate that explicit curricular components-such as interdisciplinarity, community-based research, intervention research, and applied ethics-can be learned through a blended delivery when combined with opportunities to apply the knowledge in ways, such as a field mentoring placement and a learning institute. Related to this outcome, our case study describes that implicit curricular components in the formation of a professional-the sense of self in the field as a researcher, student, and community member-can also be delivered through a blended model. However, the tools and activities need to be tailored to each student for their context, while pushing their disciplinarian and professional boundaries.

摘要

(1) 背景:尽管在加拿大,艾滋病毒的重要性并未减弱,但艾滋病毒研究领域仍然很小,决定在该领域从事职业的研究生感到孤立,对自己的专业技能和机会感到不确定。无墙大学(UWW)于 2009 年成立,旨在帮助弥补这些不足。本文对 UWW 进行了案例研究,UWW 是加拿大新兴艾滋病毒研究人员的非学分培训计划。特别是,我们专注于通过在线和混合交付来实现体验式学习的可能性。UWW 使用在线和面对面的教学模式来教授参与式奖学金、跨学科、基于社区的研究 (CBR)、干预研究和伦理学。 (2) 方法:使用案例研究,我们阐明了研究问题:“是什么因素使无墙大学成为当代艾滋病毒/艾滋病领域可行的培训环境?”2012 年,在项目中期评估期间,对 UWW 的 13 个关键利益相关者进行了焦点小组讨论;2014 年,UWW 研究员(本文的第 4 位作者)对三位主任进行了电话或面对面访谈,并在 2019 年,作者分析了信息和轶事证据,这些证据已作为详细描述纳入其中。此外,还包括研究员通过投资组合进行的自我评估以及正式学习评估的结果。我们还对 65 名学生的自我报告进行了主题分析(2009-2015 年)。 (3) 结果与讨论:每个 UWW 队列持续 9 个月到一年,包括:a)联合主任的持续指导(例如,电话交谈、协助撰写赠款、推荐信等);b)每两周一次的在线网络研讨会,旨在发展研究员对社区为基础的研究(CBR)、研究伦理、干预研究和跨学科研究的知识;c)以“实地指导安置”形式进行社区服务学习;d)与研究员和导师面对面接触,尤其是在为期一周的学习总结学习研究所;e)为研究员开展培训活动提供津贴。UWW 的教学框架以体验式学习、批判教育学和后现代教育学为特色,体现在实地指导安置(社区服务学习)、通过技术进行指导以及面对面学习研究所。我们的分析表明,UWW 通过以下方式传授体验式学习:a)对其“隐性课程”的透明度,即项目中传授的态度、价值观、性格和专业身份,以及总体项目要素,如对多样性的承诺、包括有生活经验的人、灵活的招生政策和程序、跨学科教师、灵活的团队、行政结构以及在研究、学习和教学中对技术的重视;b)课程共同设计和共同教学;c)维持实践社区。我们的案例研究报告的主要结果包括 UWW 研究员的重要“软成果”,例如通过与艾滋病毒感染者、该领域的领导者以及各种利益相关者(包括非营利组织工作人员和政策制定者)在线互动,发展作为持久专业联系的前兆的“社会存在”;通过在线互动学习基于社区的研究、交叉性和跨学科性。 (4) 局限性:虽然研究员的自我评估数据是由独立评估员收集的,并尽可能匿名,但共同作者不可避免地会将他们的先入之见和积极偏见带到 UWW 的评估中。由于 UWW 是为在传统学术结构之外运作而开发的,因此不太可能将 UWW 计划完全转移到中学后环境中。UWW 也是为艾滋病毒健康研究的社会政治环境而建立的。 (5) 结论:参与 UWW 的人的经验表明,通过将知识应用于实地指导安置和学习研究所等方式,将跨学科性、基于社区的研究、干预研究和应用伦理学等显性课程组件与机会结合起来,可以通过混合交付方式学习。与这一结果相关的是,我们的案例研究描述了形成专业人士的隐性课程组件——作为研究人员、学生和社区成员的自我意识——也可以通过混合模式来传递。然而,工具和活动需要根据每个学生的背景进行定制,同时推动他们的学科和专业界限。

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